Uenuku
Uenuku is a god of rainbows and important ancestor in Māori oral histories. Uenuku simply means 'rainbow'.[2]
| Uenuku | |
|---|---|
God of rainbows | |
| Gender | Male |
| Region | New Zealand |
| Ethnic group | Māori |
| Consort | Hine-pūkohu-rangi, Tairi-a-kohu |
| Offspring | Taiē, Ina, Ruatapu, Paikea, Ira[1] |
Uenuku is special to the Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāti Porou, Ngāi Tahu, and Ngāi Tūhoe Māori tribes. He is also known to two groups of tribes called Kurahaupō and Tainui. The Te Arawa group of tribes also know of him. Some of these tribes may also say he is a god of war.[3]
Geoff Murphy made his first movie in 1974, which was based on Uenuku's story. It was the first TV drama to be entirely spoken in the Māori language.[4]
Chief of Hawaiki
changeThe tribes of Ngāti Porou, Ngāi Tahu, and probably Ngāti Kahungunu say Chief Uenuku of Hawaiki was their ancestor.[5] He was the father of about 70 sons. His eldest son Ruatapu killed Hawaiki's nobility when he was shamed for trying to use a sacred comb.[6]
In Te Arawa stories, Tamatekapua and his brother Whakaturia stole fruit from Chief Uenuku of Hawaiki.
In the Cook Islands, Uanuku Rakeiora is said to be an important chiefly ancestor from Raiatea Island in French Polynesia over 27 generations ago, who was descended from Iro-nui-ma-Oata.[7]
Uenuku's wife
changeIn the stories mostly known to Ngāi Tūhoe, but which also belong to Ngāpuhi and Ngāti Kahungunu of Wairoa,[8] Uenuku was once human. One early morning he went out hunting. In a clearing he found two women. One was named Hine-pūkohu-rangi (sometimes called Tairi-a-kohu). The other was her sister, named Hine-wai.[9] He asked Hine-pūkohu-rangi to stay and talk with him, and to return the next night. Since she lived in the sky, she had to leave him at dawn when her sister Hine-wai called her. She kept coming back night after night, and they fell in love. Eventually, she agreed to marry him so long as he promised that he tell no one about her.
They were happy for many months, though she still only came to him at night and left at dawn. In time she became pregnant. No one else could see her, though, and therefore he was mocked by the people around him. They grew suspicious of this wife they had never seen,[9] and the daughter who in some tellings was already born.[10] He tried to tell them that his wife left him each morning at first light, so they suggested that he should block up the doors and windows so she could not see the sun. Finally after more mockery, he was convinced to block the sunlight after she came to him, so that she could not see the sun in the morning, then he could prove she existed. That night, Uenuku blocked all the places in his house that would shine the daylight. In the morning, she felt betrayed when she realised he had tricked her. She went back to the sky and left him for as long as he lived.[9]
Uenuku wandered the world searching for his wife. He searched until he was old and frail. Rangi the sky father noticed this and took pity on Uenuku, and changed him into a rainbow so that he could join his family in the sky,[9] where they still live to this day and watch over their descendants.[10]
The tribes of the Kurahaupō in Marlborough canoe know the mountain Tapuae-o-Uenuku (which means 'footprint of the rainbow') on the Kaikōura Ranges as being the place where Chief Tapuae-nuku climbed the rainbow steps of his war-god ancestor Uenuku. They both climbed and died on top of mountains in search of their supernatural wives.[11][12] Uenuku became a set of mountains with his wife and daughter, and Chief Tapuae-nuku joined his own wife and daughter in the afterlife. When a rainbow appears over Tapuae-o-Uenuku, it is said to be a sign of Chief Tapuae-nuku's journey.[13]
Artifacts
changeAccording to legend, the spirit of Uenuku was brought from Hawaiki to New Zealand in a stone by the people on the Tainui canoe. When they landed, they made the large carving called Te Uenuku out of a tōtara tree with a round opening at the top, in which the stone was placed so that the god could live in the carving.[14] It is unique among other Māori carvings, and looks similar to Hawaiian carving styles.[15]
Related pages
changeReferences
change- ↑ "The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. XV, 1906". The Journal of the Polynesian Society Containing the Transactions and Proceedings of the Society. 15: 75–76. 1906. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ↑ "Uenuku – Māori Dictionary". John C Moorfield. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ "Ngā atua – the gods". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ "Uenuku - Television". NZ On Screen. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- ↑ "Ngai-Tahu, Notes Relating to, By Rahera Tainui, P 221-235". Journal of the Polynesian Society. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ↑ "The Story of Paikea and Ruatapu". Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa - National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ↑ Koro, Timi (1934). "Timi Koro, Trans. by Drury Low, from the Journal of the Polynesian Society, Vol. 43, 1934". Polynesian Society. pp. 171–186, 258–266. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- ↑ "THE MAORI MAGAZINE [electronic resource]". Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa - National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "The Origin of the Rainbow". New Zealand Electronic Text Collection. Victoria University. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Uenuku and the Mist Maiden". Meredith Miller Memorial Internet Project. Archived from the original on 3 April 2007. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
- ↑ Reed, A. W. (1975). Place names of New Zealand. Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed. ISBN 0-589-00933-8.
- ↑ "Tapuae o Uenuku and the Insland Kaikouras by Shane Orchard". Issuu. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ "Ancient Marlborough stories brought to life in new books". Stuff. 19 October 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ↑ "Uenuku". Te Awamutu Museum. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ "Uenuku – Waikato region". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 13 April 2020.