Wikipedia

User:Fehufanga/Sandbox3

< User:Fehufanga
Georg Philipp Telemann
Born24 March 1681
Magdeburg
Died25 June 1767(1767-06-25) (aged 86)
Hamburg
Occupations

Georg Philipp Telemann (14 March 1681 – 25 June 1767) was a German baroque composer. He wrote over 3,000 pieces of music, many of which were published. As publishing cost much money at that time, this was quite unusual. He mostly taught himself musically and knew how to play 10 instruments. During his life people thought he was one of the greatest composers. He also wrote lots of church music, most of which is not common today.

Life

change

Early life

change

Telemann was born in Magdeburg. His father died when he was four years old. He studied music with an organist for two weeks. He wrote his first opera at the age of 12. However, his mother did not want him to become a musician. So, she took away his instruments. She also stopped his musical education. Telemann continued to play and write music secretly.[1] His mother sent him to a school in Zellerfeld. She hoped that Telemann would lose his interests in music. Even so, Telemann continued to write and study music. He wrote music for school events. He also wrote church music.

Leipzig

change

After Telemann graduated, he gave up music. He went to Leipzig to study law. One day, his friend found a piece of Telemann's music. It was a setting of the sixth Psalm. It was soon performed in the Thomaskirche. The mayor of Leipzig heard the performance. He asked Telemann to write church music for the two churches in Leipzig, the Thomaskirche and Nikolaikirche. So, Telemann returned to writing music. He wrote many church and instrumental music in Leipzig.[2] He also wrote an opera, Germanicus.[3] Johann Sebastian Bach would later lead the collegium.

Telemann founded a collegium musicum in Leipzig. The collegium was a group of students interested in music. They often performed Telemann's church music. They also performed in coffee houses and for noblemen.[3] The cantor of the Thomaskirche, Johann Kuhnau, did not like that his students joined the Collegium. He wanted to stop Telemann.[4]

Telemann left Leipzig in 1705. He was asked to become the Kapellmeister in the court of Count Erdmann II of Promnitz at Sorau. The count loved French music. So, Telemann had to write music in the French style.[5] He left Sorau when Sweden invaded the town.[6]

Eisenach and Frankfurt

change

Telemann went to work in Eisenach, the birthplace of Johann Sebastian Bach. He was a Konzertmeister. His job was writing music and playing the violin. He also wrote church cantatas. He returned to Sorau to marry Amalie Louise Juliane Eberlin. She was the daughter of Daniel Eberlin, a composer. She died in 1711 after giving birth to their daughter. Telemann soon left Eisenach.[7]

Telemann went to Frankfurt in 1712. He became the music director of the city's two churches. He taught music in the schools. He wrote cantatas for the church. He published his first set of pieces in 1715. The pieces are six sonatas for the violin.[8] He led another collegium musicum. The collegium performed Telemann's first passion oratorio, the Brockes-Passion, in 1716. The performance was a success.[9]

Telemann married Maria Catharina Textor in 1714. They had nine children.[10]

Telemann wrote a lot of cantatas in Eisenach. Around 1,500 cantatas (or 1,400?) survive to this day. When we think about a prolific cantata writer, we might at first assume it's Bach, but in reality, Telemann and Graupner wrote many more cantatas than Bach.

Telemann continued to send cantatas to Eisenach from 1711-1730. Considering the burdens of Hamburg, I'm surprised he did it. Deserves a mention?

Where was Pantaleon Hebenstreit working again?

Hamburg

change
 
Engraving of Telemann by Georg Lichtensteger

Telemann moved to Hamburg in 1721. He became the music director of Hamburg. He had to write music for the five churches in Hamburg.[11] He also taught history and music to students. However, he was not allowed to play concerts in public. His salary was not as high as he hoped. In 1722, Johann Kuhnau died. The city of Leipzig was looking for a new cantor. Telemann had worked in Leipzig before. Leipzig's city council wanted Telemann to become the new cantor. He told Hamburg's city council that he was leaving. The council did not want Telemann to leave. So, they increased his salary. Telemann changed his mind. He did not become the cantor of the Thomaskirche. Johann Sebastian Bach was chosen as the cantor.[12]

Telemann had a debt of 5,000 Reichstalers in 1726. His wife spent a lot of money. Around this time, Telemann started printing music. He might have started printing music to pay back his debts. He had paid back 3,000 Reichstalers in 1736.[13]

Telemann took charge of the Hamburg Oper, the place where our beloved and egoistical Mattheson first came into contact with opera. In the process, he effectively kicked out Reinhard Keiser from the Oper. Keiser then went to Stuttgart to obtain employment, and also Copenhagen at some point, but that apparently failed because he returned to Hamburg sometime later, replacing, again, our beloved and egoistical Mattheson as the organist of the Hamburger Dom (not hamburger dome!). The Cathedral is not within Telemann's jurisdiction.

Harmonischer Gottesdient -> A collection of cantatas for an entire church year, written and published by the composer himself in Hamburg. For "private, house, and public church devotions"

He was so famous that many courts want him as Kapellmeister, as far as Russia.

Later life

change

Telemann went to Paris in 1737. He was asked to come to Paris by French musicians. Some people in Paris had published six of Telemann's quartets.[14] Telemann did not allow this. This set is the first part of the Paris quartets.[15] He published another six quartets, called the Nouveaux quatuors, in Paris. This is the second part of the Paris quartets. Telemann wrote about music in France after he returned to Hamburg. However, he did not finish writing it.[16]

Telemann stopped publishing music in 1740. He sold all of the copper plates which he used to print music.[5] He wrote music theory books. However, he did not publish them. He started to do gardening. He received many rare plants from other composers. Handel sent him a crate of plants from England. Telemann stopped writing new cantatas around 1750. He used music he had written before. He could not direct performances. His legs had become weak. He was helped by his grandson, Georg Michael.[17]

Telemann died on 25 June 1767 at the age of 86. His godson Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach became the next music director of Hamburg.

Wrote a french-style motet while in Paris (TWV 7:7)

Continuing his takeover of the Hamburg Opera, Telemann arrived back at Hamburg only to find that the Opera had finally closed for good. He had revived the Opera briefly while he held directorship.

Music

change
 
Concerto for Recorder and Viola da Gamba, TWV 52:a1
Performed by New Comma Baroque
Concerto No. 2 in D major, TWV 43:D1 from the Paris quartets
Performed by New Comma Baroque
Problems playing these files? See media help.

Telemann wrote over 3,000 pieces of music.[18] His music mixes different styles. He wrote in the French and Italian styles.[19] He also used rhythms of Polish folk music. He had listened to Polish folk musicians in Sorau.[20] He was one of the first composers to write a concerto for the viola.[21]

Polish music is clearly important to Telemann. To list a few, TWV 52:e1, TWV 52:e2, TWV 52:a1 (yes they are all double concertos) are concertos with significant Polish influence in some sections. Yes, that may be original research, so let's not include that. Anyway, Telemann was writing in the Polish style when many people did not think highly of Polish music. In fact, Hurlebusch personally attacked Telemann for composing in the Polish style in an interview for a job in Hamburg. Needless to say, he did not get that job. Wonder why. while this silly story is true, this isn't the norm obviously. August the Strong, Elector of Saxony, became king of Poland in 1697. German interest in Polish music grew since then

"Barbaric and beautiful". That is how Telemann described stile polonaise.

Legacy

change

During his life, people thought that Telemann was one of the greatest composers. Johann Sebastian Bach copied one of Telemann's violin concertos. He might have played this concerto with Johann Georg Pisendel. Bach also arranged one of Telemann's violin concertos. The arrangement is played on the harpsichord.[22] 182 people bought the first edition of Telemann's Tafelmusik. This includes George Frideric Handel and Johann Joachim Quantz.[23]

Telemann published his own music. At that time, publishing music cost a lot of money. Composers did not get a lot of money by publishing music. Even so, Telemann started a publishing business. He even engraved some of the copper plates himself. The copper plates were used to print the music on paper. He was one of the most active music publishers in Germany.[24] He created a musical newspaper, called Der Getreue Musik-Meister (English: The Faithful Music Master). He published his music in the newspaper.[25] He also published music by other composers, such as Johann Sebastian Bach and Sylvius Leopold Weiss.

He was not forgotten after he died. However, people started to think that Telemann's music was bad in the nineteenth century. Some people thought his music was not serious. This changed in the twentieth century. People began to study Telemann's music again. His music is performed more often.[26]

Notes

change
  1. ↑ Petzoldt 1974, pp. 5–10.
  2. ↑ Petzoldt 1974, pp. 14–16.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zohn 2020, p. 3.
  4. ↑ Petzoldt 1974, p. 20.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hirschmann 2016.
  6. ↑ Petzoldt 1974, p. 26.
  7. ↑ Zohn 2020, pp. 4–5.
  8. ↑ Zohn 2020, p. 6.
  9. ↑ Petzoldt 1974, p. 34.
  10. ↑ Zohn 2020, p. 8.
  11. ↑ Petzoldt 1974, p. 37.
  12. ↑ Zohn 2020, pp. 9–10.
  13. ↑ Zohn 2020, p. 11.
  14. ↑ Zohn 2020, p. 12.
  15. ↑ Zohn 2020, p. 113.
  16. ↑ Bergmann 1967.
  17. ↑ Zohn 2020, p. 13.
  18. ↑ Zohn 2001.
  19. ↑ Anderson 1981.
  20. ↑ Zohn 2020, p. 109.
  21. ↑ Boyden 2001.
  22. ↑ Zohn 2015, p. 111.
  23. ↑ Zohn 2020, pp. 1192.
  24. ↑ Zohn 2005.
  25. ↑ Petzoldt 1974, p. 60.
  26. ↑ Zohn 2020, pp. 115–117.

References

change
  • Anderson, Nicholas (October 1981). "George Philipp Telemann: A tercentenary reassessment". Early Music. 9 (4): 499–508. doi:10.1093/earlyj/9.4.499.
  • Bergmann, Walter (1967). "Telemann in Paris". The Musical Times. 108 (1498): 1101–1103. doi:10.2307/951885. ISSN 0027-4666.
  • Boyden, David D.; Woodward, Ann M. (2001). "Viola". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29438.
  • Hirschmann, Wolfgang (2016). "Telemann, Georg Philipp (Pseudonym Melante)". Neue Deutsche Biographie. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  • Petzoldt, Richard (1974). Georg Philipp Telemann. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195197224.
  • Zohn, Steven (2001). "Telemann, Georg Philipp". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27635.
  • Zohn, Steven (2005). "Telemann in the Marketplace: The Composer as Self-Publisher". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 58 (2): 275–356. doi:10.1525/jams.2005.58.2.275. ISSN 0003-0139.
  • Zohn, Steven (2015). Music for a Mixed Taste: Style, Genre, and Meaning in Telemann's Instrumental Works. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190247850.
  • Zohn, Steven (2020). The Telemann Compendium. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-78327-446-8.

Other websites

change


Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fehufanga/Sandbox3&oldid=8733077"