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User:Immanuelle/Logic of basho

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Nishida's hierarchy of Topoi

The Logic of Basho (場所の論理, Basho no ronri)[1] is a philosophical framework developed by Kitaro Nishida [en], a prominent Japanese philosopher and founder of the Kyoto School [en][2]. It is considered "the cornerstone of his mature philosophical system".[3] At its basic level the Logic of Basho is an idea of a hierarchical system of reality where each level or "place" envelops and determines the nature of the levels below it. The ultimate reality, according to Nishida, is "absolute nothingness," a source of infinite potentiality and creativity beyond being and non-being.[4]

It marked a departure from traditional Western philosophy by Kitaro Nishida.[4]

It was covered in the books An Inquiry into the Good and Intuition and Reflection in Self-Consciousness.[5]

IT is a different concept than Chora.[6]

Etymology

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The term Basho no Ronri is a slightly less formal phrasing. Ronrigaku is the term for formal logic and ronri is a more informal term.[1] Basho is sometimes translated as topos [en],[1] or "place".[4]

The terms Ba (場) and Basho (場所) do not indicate empty spaces but spaces with things in them[7].[8]

Nishida first coined the term in 1926.[9]

Self-Awareness and World

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Nishida questioned how people think about consciousness. He focused on self-awareness. He believed self-awareness was key to understanding consciousness. He said that without self-awareness, consciousness would be like a mechanical reaction. It would not explain awareness. He claimed that self-awareness has a logical structure. This structure links it to the world of objects..[4]

Nishida saw awareness as self-reflexive. He compared it to an infinite set reflecting in its subsets. He thought the world had self-awareness. This is because it reflects in everything that exists. Nishida believed individual self-awareness is part of this larger reflection. He changed how people think about consciousness. He did not see it as just an individual trait. He saw it as a wide field. This field extends beyond the individual. It mirrors the world..[4]

.[4]

Topos and the Logic of Place

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The term "Basho" is Japanese. It means "place [en]" or "topos [en]." Nishida used this term in his work. He said consciousness occupies different 'places' or topoi..[4]

Nishida created a hierarchy of topoi. They range from abstract to concrete. The most abstract topos is universals. These are used in judgments or propositions. The next topos is consciousness. He called this the topos of relative nothingness. It is a 'no-thing' compared to the objects of consciousness. After this is the topos of reflexive self-awareness. This is where seeing, knowing, and desiring happen. Above this is the topos of the "intelligible world." Here, the creative self seeks values. These values include truth, beauty, and goodness. Nishida saw the ultimate topos as absolute nothingness [en]. This topos is beyond description and predication..[4]

Nishida proposed this hierarchy of topoi

  1. The Place of Direct Experience: Nishida starts with "pure experience." This is a simple state where there's no split between the person feeling and the thing felt. Here, everything is just experienced directly, without thinking about who is experiencing or what is being experienced.
  2. The Place of Conscious Self-Awareness: Next, he talks about self-awareness (自覚, jikaku). This is where the mind looks at itself. It's like when you think about your thinking. This place is about the mind knowing itself and what it's aware of at the same time.
  3. The Place of Objective Reality:This is the outside world we relate to. Analogous to the phenomenological world of Immanuel Kant.
  4. The Place of the Historical World: This level is about people living together through time. It includes how people act, how they express themselves, and how they live with others in society. It's about the big picture of human life and history.[10]
  5. The Place of Absolute Nothingness: Finally, Nishida introduces the idea of absolute no-thingness (絶対無, zettai mu). This is a reality past normal human experience. Mu no Basho and Zettai Mu no Basho.[11]

Me-Ontology

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Nishida had a logical view of topoi. He also had an ontological perspective. He called this 'me-ontology.' This term comes from the Greek word 'meon.' 'Meon' means non-being. The topos of being describes the natural world. The topos of relative nothingness [en] is consciousness. It contrasts with the topos of being. Absolute nothingness underlies both. It transcends their differences.[4] Nishida used the Japanese term 'zettai [en].' This means absolute.[11][4] It also suggests breaking through or overcoming opposition. He used this term to explain his idea..[4]

Applications

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It has been applied in urban planning.[12]

Nishida criticized Greek hylomorphism [en], Kantian dualism, and Husserlian phenomenology[13][14][15] and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's metaphysics.[14][15]

See Also

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Sources

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Logic in Japan - Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy". www.rep.routledge.com. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  2. ↑ "THE LOGIC OF BASHO". The Kyoto School of Philosophy. 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2023-06-07.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 The Logic of Nothingness.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Maraldo, John C. (2019), "Nishida Kitarō", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2023-06-08
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wargo, Robert J. J. (2005). The Logic of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitaro. University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2930-8. JSTOR j.ctvvn1pf.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Schroeder, Brian (2019-10-02). "Hiding Between Basho and Chōra". Research in Phenomenology. 49 (3): 335–361. doi:10.1163/15691640-12341430. ISSN 0085-5553.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Hanks, William F.; Ide, Sachiko; Katagiri, Yasuhiro; Saft, Scott; Fujii, Yoko; Ueno, Kishiko (2019-05-01). "Communicative interaction in terms of ba theory: Towards an innovative approach to language practice". Journal of Pragmatics. Quo Vadis, Pragmatics?. 145: 63–71. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2019.03.013. ISSN 0378-2166. S2CID 155749281.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Unno, Mark (2007). "The Logic of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitarō (review)". The Journal of Japanese Studies. 33 (2): 554–558. doi:10.1353/jjs.2007.0086. ISSN 1549-4721. S2CID 144651818.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 https://iajp.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/2/4/26244939/2022april_jjp_vol_nishida_cfp.pdf
  10. ↑ https://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/journal/3/article/138/pdf/download
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Identity and the unity of experience: A critique of Nishida's theory of self". buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "The logic of place (basho no ronri) was a fundamental theme in the". studylib.net. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Kitarō, Nishida; Krummel, John W. M. (2012). "The Unsolved Issue of Consciousness". philarchive.org. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 academic.oup.com https://academic.oup.com/book/6968/chapter-abstract/151241055?redirectedFrom=fulltext. Retrieved 2023-06-08. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 academic.oup.com https://academic.oup.com/book/6968/chapter-abstract/151239473?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false. Retrieved 2024-03-26. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 NULL
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Wargo, Robert Joseph John (1972). The Logic of Basho and the Concept of Nothingness in the Philosophy of Nishida Kitaro (Thesis thesis). hdl:2027.42/157256.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Heisig, James W. (November 2012). "An Inquiry into the Good and Nishida's Missing Basho". Comparative and Continental Philosophy. 4 (2): 237–251. doi:10.1179/ccp.4.2.f0m6300761124978. ISSN 1757-0638. S2CID 170350471.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Tremblay, Jacynthe. "Nishida Kitarō's Language and Structure of Thought in the " Logic of Basho "". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 "Build-A-Basho | Learning Module - MA Contemporary Art Theory". blogs.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "The Logic of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitaro". UH Press. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Wargo, Robert J. J. (2005-05-31). The Logic of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitaro (Illustrated ed.). Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2969-8.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 https://carep.kings.uwo.ca/carep/assets/File/Kyoto%20School/program%20web.pdf
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Ishihara, Yuko (2013-01-01). "Masakatsu Fujita: On the idea of 'basho' in the philosophy of Kitaro Nishida". Ethos: Quarterly of the John Paul II Institute at the Catholic University of Lublin and the John Paul II Foundation.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 NULL
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268810149_Nishida_Kitaro
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Uršič, Marko (2023-01-10). "A Comparison of Nishida's basho from his Middle Period with Plato's chóra and the One of Plotinus". Asian Studies. 11 (1): 71–90. doi:10.4312/as.2023.11.1.71-90. ISSN 2350-4226.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Wargo, Robert J. J. (2005-05-31), "4. The Concept of Basho", The Logic of Nothingness, University of Hawaii Press, pp. 90–120, doi:10.1515/9780824873899-006, ISBN 978-0-8248-7389-9, retrieved 2023-06-08
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 "IAJP Conference 2021". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 https://archive.unu.edu/dialogue/papers/berque-s4.pdf
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Nishida, Kitaro (2012). Place and Dialectic (PDF). Translated by Krummel, John W.M.; Nagatomo, Shigenori. Oxford University Press.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 antilogicalism (2016-05-06). "The Logic of Basho". Antilogicalism. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Zhang, Ligeng (2020), A Wittgensteinian Approach to Reconsidering Nishida’s Basho of True Nothing (PDF), China: Springer International Publishing, ISBN 978-3-319-41783-7, retrieved 2024-03-26 {{citation}}: line feed character in |title= at position 60 (help)
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 http://www.philosophyatlisbon.org/userfiles/file/Ricardo%20Santos%20Alexandre.pdf
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Akitomi, Katsuya (2022), "The Development of the Concept of Basho (Place) in Nishida's Philosophy", Tetsugaku Companions to Japanese Philosophy, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 41–56, ISBN 978-3-319-41783-7, retrieved 2024-03-26
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 https://nagoya.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/24668/files/k11987_thesis.pdf
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Wargo, Robert Joseph John (1972). The Logic of Basho and the Concept of Nothingness in the Philosophy of Nishida Kitaro (PhD Thesis thesis). University of Michigan.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 says, Roger (2020-10-16). "Hegel in Kyoto – Cambridge Core Blog". Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 https://teapot.lib.ocha.ac.jp/record/6628/files/P57-61.pdf
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Wargo, R. (1972). "The logic of Basho and the concept of nothingness in the philosophy of Nishida Kitarō". S2CID 169320125. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 "What is "basho" in Kitaro Nishida's philosophy?". Philosophy Stack Exchange. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 "The Logic of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitaro (Na…". Goodreads. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Zavala, Agustín Jacinto (2012). "Heidegger in Nishida Philosophy". Natureza Humana. 14 (1): 72–100. ISSN 1517-2430.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 "Nishida's Logic of Creation" (PDF).
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 "THE LOGIC OF BASHO AND THE CONCEPT OF NOTHINGNESS IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF NISHIDA KITARO - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 ""95 Years after the Birth of Nishida Philosophy－'Basho' as Symbiosis of Non-Human and Human"". Retrieved 2024-03-25. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 59 (help)
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 http://invisibleplaces.org/2017/pdf/Roddy.pdf
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 "Basho – Global Critical Philosophy of Religion". globalcritical.as.ua.edu. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 "Nishida Kitarō | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 "The 5th Conference of the International Association for Japanese Philosophy "95 Years after the Birth of Nishida Philosophy-'Basho' as Symbiosis of Non-Human and Human"｜Kyoto University OpenCourseWare". Kyoto University OpenCourseWare. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Heisig, James W. (2012). "An Inquiry into the Goodand Nishida's Missing Basho". Comparative and Continental Philosophy. 4 (2): 237–251. doi:10.1179/ccp.4.2.f0m6300761124978. S2CID 170350471.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Wei, Zitong (June 2020). "Deepening Intentionality and Linguisticality With Nothingness: An Eastern Perspective on the Fusion of Phenomenology and Hermeneutics". Qualitative Inquiry. 26 (5): 479–485. doi:10.1177/1077800419836687. ISSN 1077-8004. S2CID 151267599.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 Itabashi, Yujin (2018-01-01). "Grounded on Nothing: The Spirit of Radical Criticism in Nishida's Philosophy". Philosophy East and West. 68 (1): 97–112. doi:10.1353/pew.2018.0005. S2CID 172063772.
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