User:Irtapil/Letter Construction
small tables change
Urdu Letter Construction change
diacritics and modifications (i) |
base shapes (ii) | types of diacritics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | |||||
﯀ | ﯀ | tōē above |
ٹ | ڈ | ڑ | i'jam | ||||||||||||||||||||
﮲ | ﮲ | 1 dot above |
ن | خ | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ذ | ز | ||||||||||||||||
﮳ | ﮳ | 1 dot below |
ب | ج | ||||||||||||||||||||||
﮶ | ﮶ | 3 dots above |
ث | ش | ژ | |||||||||||||||||||||
﮹ | ﮹ | 3 dots below |
پ | چ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
﮴ | ﮴ | 2 dots above |
ت | ق | ـۃ ۃ | ـة ة | ||||||||||||||||||||
﮵ | ﮵ | 2 dots below (iv) |
یـ ـیـ ـی ی |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
‾ | ‾ | line above |
گ | extra line | ||||||||||||||||||||||
none | ء | ا | ے | ـں ں |
ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | none | ||||||||
٘ | ــ٘ـ | nūn ghūnna (vi) |
٘ | vowels | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ۤ | ۤ | madda (v) | آ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
ٴ | ــٔـ | Hamza (v) | ۓ | ئ | ؤ | ـۂ ۂ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Rasm forms (iii) |
start | ء | ا | none | ىـ | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | ٯـ | کـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | ھـ | ہـ | هـ | none shown | |||
middle | ـا | none | ـىـ | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | ـٯـ | ـکـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھـ | ـہـ | ـهـ | ||||||
end | ـا | ـے | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـک | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | |||||
isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه |
^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols"[1].
^ii. Skeleton characters that do not appear in the alphabet are "DOTLESS BEH" U+066E, "DOTLESS QAF" U+066F, and "DOTLESS FEH" U+06A1. These are not used in Urdu but we're used historically in [rasm | very early] versions of Arabic writing[source?].
^iii. The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.
^iv. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots
below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي ]] always has 2 dots
below.
^v. The short vowel diacritics (see below) are usually omitted in Urdu writing, but hamza and madda are usually included.
^vi. Nūn Ghūnna in the middle of a word is often an omitted diacritic.
Arabic, Farsi, and Urdu Letter Construction change
from Persian_language#Variations 2020-05-16 09:00 (No citation unfortunately.) |
"The Persian alphabet also modifies some letters of the Arabic alphabet. For example, alef with hamza below ( إ ) changes to alef ( ا ); words using various hamzas get spelled with yet another kind of hamza (so that مسؤول becomes مسئول) even though the latter is also correct in Arabic; and teh marbuta ( ة ) changes to heh ( ه ) or teh ( ت )." |
Rasm forms (iii) |
start | ء | ا | none | ىـ | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | ٯـ | كـ | کـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | ھـ | ہـ | هـ | none shown | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
middle | ـا | none | ـىـ | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | ـٯـ | ـكـ | ـکـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھـ | ـہـ | ـهـ | ||||||
end | ـا | ـے | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـك | ـک | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | |||||
isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | ||||
diacritics and modifications (i) | base shapes (ii) | types of diacritics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھـ ـھـ ـھ | ہـ ـہـ ـہ | هـ ـهـ ـه | |||||
line above | ‾ | ‾ | گ | extra line | |||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tōē above | ﯀ | ﯀ | ٹ | ڈ | ڑ | i'jam | |||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | Urdu | Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot above | ﮲ | ﮲ | ن | خ | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ذ | ز | |||||||||||||||||
1 dot below | ﮳ | ﮳ | ب | ج | |||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots above | ﮶ | ﮶ | ث | ش | ژ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Farsi Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots below | ﮹ | ﮹ | پ | چ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Farsi Urdu | Farsi Urdu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots above | ﮴ | ﮴ | ت | ق | ـۃ ۃ | ـة ة | |||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | Arabic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots below | ﮵ | ﮵ | يـ ـيـ ـي ي |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Arabic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots below start & mid (iv) | ﮵ | ﮵ | یـ ـیـ ـی ی |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Farsi Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
none | ء | ا | ے | ىـ ـىـ ـى ى |
ـں ں | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ك | ک | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
none | ||||||
languages | Urdu | Arabic | Urdu | Arabic | Farsi Urdu | Urdu | Urdu | Arabic Farsi | |||||||||||||||||||
nūn ghūnna (vi) |
٘ | ــ٘ـ | ٘ | vowels | |||||||||||||||||||||||
languages | Urdu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
madda (v) |
ۤ | ۤ | آ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hamza (v) |
ٴ | ــٔـ | ء | أ إ | ۓ | ئ | ؤ | ـۂ ۂ | ـۀ ۀ | ||||||||||||||||||
languages | Arabic | Arabic | Urdu | Arabic Urdu | Urdu | Farsi |
^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols"[2].
^ii. Skeleton characters that do not appear in the alphabet are "Dotless Beh" U+066E, "Dotless Qaf" U+066F, and "Dotless Feh" U+06A1. These are not used in Urdu but we're used historically in [rasm | very early] versions of Arabic writing[source?].
^iii. The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.
^iv. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي always has 2 dots below.
^v. The short vowel diacritics (see below) are usually omitted in Urdu writing, but hamza and madda are usually included.
^vi. Nūn Ghūnna in the middle of a word is often an omitted diacritic.
massive table change
for master version see Arabic Script
Letter construction change
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Most languages that use alphabets based on the Arabic alphabet use the same base shapes. Most additional letters in languages that use alphabets based on the Arabic alphabet are built by adding (or removing) diacritics to existing Arabic letters.
Some stylistic variants in Arabic have distinct meanings in other languages. For example, variant forms of kāf ك ک ڪ are used in some languages and sometimes have specific usages. In Urdu and some neighbouring languages the letter Hā has diverged into two forms ھ dō-čašmī hē and ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ gōl hē[3]. while a variant form of ي yā referred to as baṛī yē ے is used at the end of some words.[3]
table of letter components change
abbreviations used below change
A = The letter is used for most languages and dialects with writing systems based on Arabic.
MSA = Letters used in Modern Standard Arabic.
CA = Letters used in Classical Arabic.
AD = Letters is used in some regional Arabic Dialects.
"Arabic" = Letters used in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic, and most regional dialects.
"Farsi" = Letters used in modern Persian.
FW = Foreign words: the letter is sometimes used to spell foreign words.
SV = Stylistic variant: the letter is used interchangeably with at least one other lletter depending on the calligraphic style.
AW = Arabic words: the letter is used in additional languages to spell Arabic words.
forms row change
connected forms |
---|
Table change
components change
ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
components change
ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
---|
Rasm change
Rasm forms |
character | isolated | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
start | ء | ا | none | ىـ | (YNB) | ٮـ | حـ | سـ | صـ | طـ | عـ | ڡـ | (QF) | ٯـ | كـ | ڪـ | کـ | گـ | لـ | مـ | د | ر | و | ھـ | ہـ | هـ | لا | ||||||
middle | ـا | none | ـىـ | (YNB) | ـٮـ | ـحـ | ـسـ | ـصـ | ـطـ | ـعـ | ـڡـ | (QF) | ـٯـ | ـكـ | ـڪـ | ـکـ | ـگـ | ـلـ | ـمـ | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھـ | ـہـ | ـهـ | ـلا | |||||||
end | ـا | ـے | ـى | ـں | ـٮ | ـح | ـس | ـص | ـط | ـع | ـڡ | ـٯ | ـك | ـڪ | ـک | ـگ | ـل | ـم | ـد | ـر | ـو | ـھ | ـہ | ـه | ـلا | ||||||||
Image | isolated start middle end |
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
Unicode for above | U+0621 | U+0627 | U+06D2 | U+0649 | U+06BA | U+066E | U+062D | U+0633 | U+0635 | U+0637 | U+0639 | U+06A1 | U+066F | U+0643 | U+06AA | U+06A9 | U+06AF | U+0644 | U+0645 | U+062F | U+0631 | U+0648 | U+06BE | U+06C1 | U+0647 | U+0644 + U+0627 | |||||||
Languages that use the letter shape with or without i'jam | Arabic | Urdu | Urdu | Urdu |
none change
none | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
forms | ء | ـا ا | ـــے ے | ىـ ـىـ ـى ى |
ـں ں | ٮـ ـٮـ ـٮ ٮ |
حـ ـحـ ـح ح |
سـ ـسـ ـس س |
صـ ـصـ ـص ص |
طـ ـطـ ـط ط |
عـ ـعـ ـع ع |
ڡـ ـڡـ ـڡ ڡ |
ٯـ ـٯـ ـٯ ٯ |
كـ ـكـ ـك ك |
ڪــ ـڪــ ـڪ ڪ |
کـ ـکـ ـک ک |
گـ ـگـ ـگ گ |
لـ ـلـ ـل ل |
مـ ـمـ ـم م |
ـد د | ـر ر | ـو و | ھـ ـھـ ـھ ھ |
ہـ ـہـ ـہ ہ |
هـ ـهـ ـه ه |
ـلا لا | |||||||
Languages using the bare shape with no additions | Arabic | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu | MSA | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic SV Rasm | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic | Sindhi, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu, Arabic SV | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic, Farsi | MSA |
dots change
dots bigger heading |
1 change
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ٜ U+065C U+065C, ٜ ARABIC VOWEL SIGN DOT BELOW | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot below | ﮳ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ب | ج | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ـــ ◌ |
forms | بـ ـبـ ـب ب |
جـ ـجـ ـج ج |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB3 | Unicode | U+0628 | U+062C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot above + 1 dot below |
﮲﮳ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ـــ ◌ |
forms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 dot above | ﮲ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ن | ٮ | خ | س | ض | ظ | غ | ف | ڧ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | ذ | ز | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ـــ ◌ |
forms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB2 | Unicode | U+0646 | U+062E | U+0636 | U+0638 | U+063A | U+0641 | U+06A7 | U+0630 | U+0632 |
2 change
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 dots below start and mid (iii) |
﮵ | character | ء | ا | ے | یـ ـیـ ـی ی | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Farsi, Urdu, AD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | Unicode | U+06CC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 dots below all positions |
﮵ | character | ء | ا | ے | يـ ـيـ ـي ي | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Arabic (iv) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB5 U+FBB5 | Unicode | U+064A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 vertical dots below | ﮾ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBE | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 vertical dots above | ﮽ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBD | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 horizontal dots above |
﮴ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ت | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ق | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ـۃ | ـة | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB4 | Unicode | U+062A | U+0642 | U+06C3 | U+0629 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
3 change
3 dots below | ﮹ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | پ | چ | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB9 U+FBB9 U+FBB7 U+FBB7 | Unicode | U+067E U+067E | U+0686 U+0686 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots above + 3 dots below |
character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 dots above | ﮶ | character | ث | ش | ژ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBB6 U+FBB6 | Unicode | U+062B U+062B | U+0634 U+0634 | U+0698 U+0698 |
4 change
4 dots below | ﮻ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBB | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 dots above | ﮺ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBA | Unicode |
different dots above and below change
mixed dots above + below |
character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ڿ | ۺ | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
tōē change
small tōē above |
ـــؕــ ﯀ ◌ؕ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ڻ | ٹ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ࣇ لؕ | م | ڈ | ڑ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Urdu Punjabi | Languages | Punjabi | Urdu | Punjabi [6] | Urdu | Urdu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+0615 U+0615 U+FBC0 U+FBC0 | Unicode | U+FBA0 U+FBA0 | U+0679 U+0679 | U+0688 U+0688 | U+0691 U+0691 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
small tōē + dot(s) | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ݨ | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Punjabi, Seraiki, Shina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
ring change
ring | character | ء | ا | ے | ؠ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ګ | گ | ل | م | ډ | ړ | ۄ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ring and dots | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ڼ | ټ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
numeral change
Persian numeral 2 above | ٢ | character | ء | ا | ݺ | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Persian numeral 3 above | ٣ | character | ء | ا | ݻ | ݶ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
numerals below | character | ء | ا | ے | ݷ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
horizontal line change
horizontal line | — | character | ء | ا | ے | ۍ ـۍ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ؈ | ك | ڪ | گ | ݪ | م | د | ݛ | ۅ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | Punjabi, Marwari, Kalami | Kirghiz[7] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode | U+075B |
multiple vertical lines change
multiple vertical lines | ﮼ | character | ۽ | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | ۾ | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+FBBC | Unicode |
vertical line change
vertical line | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
arrows change
V below | ٚ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ڕ | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+065B U+065A | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
small V above | ــٚـ ◌ٚ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ۆ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+065A | Unicode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
inverted V above | ــٛـ ◌ٛ | character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ۉ | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+065B | Unicode |
Hamza change
Hamza below | ــٕـ | ◌ٕ | character | ء | إ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لإ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | Languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+0655 | Unicode | U+0625 | U+0644 + U+0625 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hamza above | ــٔـ | ◌ٔ | character | ء | أ | ۓ | ئ | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | ؤ | ھ | ۂ | ۀ | لأ | ||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
sometimes omitted in contexts where short vowel diacritics are omitted | Languages | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+0674 U+0654 | Unicode | U+0623 | U+06D3 | U+0626 | U+0624 | U+06C2 | U+06C0 | U+0644 + U+0623 |
other semi-optional vowels change
maddah above | ــۤـ ــٓـ ◌ٓ ◌ۤ | character | ء | آ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لآ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
doesn't strictly count as i'jam, but included in a lot of situations where other diacritics are left out. | Languages | Arabic, Urdu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U+06E4 U+0653 | Unicode | U+0622 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wasala above | character | ء | ٱ | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | ||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | CA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
none (v)] |
Unicode | U+0671 |
end change
|- |}
footnotes change
^i. The i'jam diacritic characters are illustrative only, in most typesetting the combined characters in the middle of the table are used. The characters used to illustrate the consonant diacritics are from Unicode set "Arabic pedagogical symbols".[8] The "Arabic Tatweel Modifier Letter" U+0640 character used to show the positional forms doesn't work in some Nastaliq fonts.
^ii. For most letters the isolated form is shown, for select letters all forms (isolated, start, middle, and end) are shown.
^iii. Urdu Choti Yē has 2 dots below in the initial and middle positions only. The standard Arabic version ي يـ ـيـ ـي always has 2 dots below.
^iv. These characters are used by most languages that use writing systems based on Arabic, though sometimes only in foreign words.
^v. A Wasala diacritic Unicode character has been proposed but not yet released. [source?]
ALTERNATE VERSIONS change
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refs and references change
notes from Burushaski page - in a comment change
blank line for new entries change
character | ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unicode |
alternate headers change
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک کـ ـکـ ـک |
گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
No i'jam (alternative version) change
diacritics | (footnote i) | letter line base shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
none (ii) | character | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا | ||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Most languages use the same base shapes, some stylistic variants in Arabic have distinct meanings in other languages. (see text) | Languages | Arabic | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu | MSA | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic SV Rasm | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic | Sindhi, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu, Arabic SV | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic, Farsi | MSA | ||||||||
Unicode for above | 0621 .. | 0627 .. | 06D2 .. | 0649 .. | 06BA .. | 066E .. | 062D .. | 0633 .. | 0635 .. | 0637 .. | 0639 .. | 06A1 .. | 066F .. | 0643 .. | 06AA .. | 06A9 .. | 06AF .. | 0644 .. | 0645 .. | 062F .. | 0631 .. | 0648 .. | 06BE .. | 06C1 .. | 0647 .. | 0644. + 0627. |
References change
- ↑ "Unicode Utilities: UnicodeSet Arabic pedagogical symbols". unicode.org. Retrieved 20 March 2020]].
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ↑ "Unicode Utilities: UnicodeSet Arabic pedagogical symbols". unicode.org. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Urdu Alphabet". www.user.uni-hannover.de. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ↑ "Extended Arabic Letter". unicode.org. Retrieved 7 May 1920.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ↑ "Based on ISO 8859-6". unicode.org. Retrieved 7 May 1920.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help) - ↑ Lorna Priest Evans; M. G. Abbas Malik. "Proposal to encode ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH ABOVE in the UCS" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ↑ Cite error: The named reference
compart unicode Arabic script (ISO 15924)
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page). - ↑ "Unicode Utilities: UnicodeSet Arabic pedagogical symbols". unicode.org. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
ALTERNATE VERSIONS change
ALTERNATE VERSIONS change
This user page or section is currently being expanded by an editor. You are welcome to help in expanding too. If this page has not been changed in several days, please remove this template. This page was last edited by Simpleist (talk | contribs) 2 months ago. |
refs and references change
notes from Burushaski page - in a comment change
Additions change
with tatweel change
U+FBB2 | ـــ﮲ــ | Dot Above |
U+FBB3 | ـــ﮳ــ | Dot Below |
U+FBB4 | ــــ﮴ـــ | Two Dots Above |
U+FBB5 | ــــ﮵ـــ | Two Dots Below |
U+FBB6 | ـــ﮶ــ | Three Dots Above |
U+FBB7 | ــــ﮷ـــ | Three Dots Below |
U+FBB8 | ــــ﮸ـــ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Above |
U+FBB9 | ــــ﮹ـــ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Below |
U+FBBA | ــــ﮺ـــ | Four Dots Above |
U+FBBB | ــــ﮻ـــ | Four Dots Below |
U+FBBC | ــــ﮼ــــ | Double Vertical Bar Below |
U+FBBD | ــــ﮽ــــ | Two Dots Vertically Above |
U+FBBE | ــــ﮾ــــ | Two Dots Vertically Below |
U+FBBF | ــــ﮿ــــ | Ring |
U+FBC0 | ــــ﯀ـــــ | Small Tah Above |
U+FBC1 | ــــ﯁ــــ | Small Tah Below |
Arabic Symbols change
U+FBB2 | ﮲ | Dot Above |
U+FBB3 | ﮳ | Dot Below |
U+FBB4 | ﮴ | Two Dots Above |
U+FBB5 | ﮵ | Two Dots Below |
U+FBB6 | ﮶ | Three Dots Above |
U+FBB7 | ﮷ | Three Dots Below |
U+FBB8 | ﮸ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Above |
U+FBB9 | ﮹ | Three Dots Pointing Downwards Below |
U+FBBA | ﮺ | Four Dots Above |
U+FBBB | ﮻ | Four Dots Below |
U+FBBC | ﮼ | Double Vertical Bar Below |
U+FBBD | ﮽ | Two Dots Vertically Above |
U+FBBE | ﮾ | Two Dots Vertically Below |
U+FBBF | ﮿ | Ring |
U+FBC0 | ﯀ | Small Tah Above |
U+FBC1 | ﯁ | Small Tah Below |
alternate headers change
background:#F1F2F5 change
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
alternate header change
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
alternate header change
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک کـ ـکـ ـک |
گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا |
---|
== x == change
diacritics (i) | Letter Shapes (ii) | ء | ا | ے | ى | ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
---|
alternate header change
ء | ا | ے | ى | ں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك | ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ | ہ | ه | لا |
No i'jam (alternative version) change
diacritics | (footnote i) | letter line base shapes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
none (ii) | character | ء | ا | ے | ى ىـ ـىـ ـى |
ـں | ٮ | ح | س | ص | ط | ع | ڡ | ٯ | ك كـ ـكـ ـك |
ڪ | ک | گ | ل | م | د | ر | و | ھ ھـ ـھـ ـھ |
ہ ہـ ـہـ ـہ |
ه هـ ـهـ ـه |
لا | ||||||||
image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Most languages use the same base shapes, some stylistic variants in Arabic have distinct meanings in other languages. (see text) | Languages | Arabic | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu | MSA | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic SV Rasm | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic SV in Rasm | Arabic | Sindhi, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu, Arabic SV | Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Arabic, Farsi, Urdu | Urdu, Arabic SV | Urdu, Arabic SV | Arabic, Farsi | MSA | ||||||||
Unicode for above | 0621 .. | 0627 .. | 06D2 .. | 0649 .. | 06BA .. | 066E .. | 062D .. | 0633 .. | 0635 .. | 0637 .. | 0639 .. | 06A1 .. | 066F .. | 0643 .. | 06AA .. | 06A9 .. | 06AF .. | 0644 .. | 0645 .. | 062F .. | 0631 .. | 0648 .. | 06BE .. | 06C1 .. | 0647 .. | 0644. + 0627. |