User:Mr. Ibrahem/Abnormal uterine bleeding
| Abnormal uterine bleeding | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Atypical vaginal bleeding, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), abnormal vaginal bleeding |
 | |
| Medical specialty | Gynecology |
| Symptoms | Irregular, abnormally frequent, prolonged, or excessive amounts of uterine bleeding[1] |
| Complications | Iron deficiency anemia[2] |
| Causes | Ovulation problems, fibroids, lining of the uterus growing into the uterine wall, uterine polyps, underlying bleeding problems, side effects from birth control, cancer[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, blood work, medical imaging, hysteroscopy[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Ectopic pregnancy |
| Treatment | Hormonal birth control, GnRH agonists, tranexamic acid, NSAIDs, surgery[1][4] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[2] |
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), also known as atypical vaginal bleeding, is vaginal bleeding from the uterus that is abnormally frequent, lasts excessively long, is heavier than normal, or is irregular.[1][3] The term dysfunctional uterine bleeding was used when no underlying cause was present.[3] Vaginal bleeding after menopause is not normal.[5] Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy is excluded.[3] Iron deficiency anemia may occur and quality of life may be negatively affected.[6]
The underlying causes may include ovulation problems, fibroids, the lining of the uterus growing into the uterine wall, uterine polyps, underlying bleeding problems, side effects from birth control, or cancer.[3] More than one category of causes may apply in an individual case.[3] The first step in work-up is to rule out a tumor or pregnancy.[3][4] Medical imaging or hysteroscopy may help with the diagnosis.[2]
Treatment depends on the underlying cause.[2][3] Options may include hormonal birth control, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, tranexamic acid, NSAIDs, and surgery such as endometrial ablation or hysterectomy.[1][4] AUB affects about 20% of reproductive aged women.[2]
References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Abnormal Uterine Bleeding". ACOG. March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Whitaker L, Critchley HO (July 2016). "Abnormal uterine bleeding". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 34: 54–65. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.012. PMC 4970656. PMID 26803558.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Bacon, JL (June 2017). "Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Current Classification and Clinical Management". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 44 (2): 179–193. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2017.02.012. PMID 28499529.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cheong, Y; Cameron, IT; Critchley, HOD (1 September 2017). "Abnormal uterine bleeding". British Medical Bulletin. 123 (1): 103–114. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldx027. PMID 28910998.
- ↑ Sung, Sharon; Abramovitz, Aaron (2023). "Postmenopausal Bleeding". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32965859. Archived from the original on 2023-03-24. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
- ↑ Kovalenko, Mariya; Velji, Zain Azim; Cheema, Jaspreet; Datta, Shreelata (1 November 2021). "Intermenstrual and postcoital bleeding". Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine. 31 (11): 310–316. doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2021.09.003. ISSN 1751-7214.