Bunkyū
Japanese era from March 1861 to March 1864
Bunkyū (文久) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Man'en and before Genji. This period spanned the years from February 1861 through February 1864.[1] The reigning emperor was Kōmei-tennō (孝明天皇).[2]
Events of the Bunkyū era
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- 1861 (Bunkyu 1): Ukai Gyokusen established the first commercial photography studio (Eishin-dō) in Edo.[3]
- 1861 (Bunkyu 1): Great comet of 1861.[4]
- January 1862 (Bunkyū 1, 12th month): The Bonin Islands (Ogasawara Islands) were confirmed as part of Japan.[5]
- 1862 (Bunkyū 2): The Bunkyū Reforms reduced restrictions on daimyo which had beeb ordered by Ii Naosuke.[6]
- 14 September 1862 (Bunkyū 2, 21st day of the 8th month): Satsuma samurai killed Charles Lennox Richardson at Namamugi on the Tōkaidō road, also known as the Namamugi Incident (Namamugi Jiken).[7]
- 22 April 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 5th day of the 3rd month): Shogun Iemochi traveled in a great procession to the capital. He had been summoned by the emperor, and he had 3,000 retainers as escort.[8]
- 28 April 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 11th day of the 3rd month): Emperor Komei made an Imperial progress to the Kamo Shrines. He was accompanied by the shogun and many feudal lords.[9]
- 15-17 August 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 2nd-4th of the 7th month ): British Bombardment of Kagoshima[10] in retaliation for the death of Charles Lennox Richardson.[7]
Related pages
changeReferences
change- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Bunkyū" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 91.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Kōmei Tennō," p. 553.
- ↑ Hannavy, John. (2007). Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography, p. 770.
- ↑ Goodsell Observatory, Carleton College. (1938). Popular Astronomy, Vol. 46, p. 142, citing Bunkiu Shinyu Suiseki
- ↑ Tanaka, Hiroyuki. "The Ogasawara Islands in Tokugawa Japan." Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine Kaiji Shi Kenkyū (Journal of the Maritime History). No. 50, June, 1993, Tokyo: The Japan Society of the History of Maritime.
- ↑ Jansen, Marius B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan, p. 296.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Nussbaum, "Namamugi Jiken" at p. 694.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, p. 325; this was the first time that a shogun had visited Heian-kyō since the visit of Tokugawa Iemitsu was in the city in Kan'ei 11 (1634)
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 325; this was the first Imperial progress since Emperor Go-Mizunoo visited Nijo Castle more than 230 years before; and no Emperor had visited Kamo since Emperor Go-Daigo honored both shrines in Kemmu 1 (1334).
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Satuei Sensō" at p. 829.
Other websites
change- National Diet Library, The Japanese Calendar -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
- "The procession of the Shôgun nearby Shono, in Shirasagi-zuka, Ise, at night," woodblock print by Utagawa Tsuyanaga Archived 2007-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
| Keichō | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 |
| Preceded by: Man'en |
Era or nengō: Bunkyū |
Succeeded by: Genji |
