Christmas carol

A Christmas carol (also called a noël, from the French word meaning "Christmas") is a carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas. They are traditionally sung on Christmas itself or during the surrounding holiday season.

History

Carols were first sung thousands of years ago in Europe.^[1] They were sung by pagans at the celebration of the Winter solstice.^[1] Later, medieval carols were sung in elaborate formal rituals (such as the Catholic Mass).^[2] As they are known today, Christmas carols date back to about the 19th century.^[2] The tradition of going from house to house was not a part of Christmas caroling at first. It dates back further to Anglo-Saxon traditions. the word wassail comes from the Anglo-Saxon toast Wæs þu hæl, meaning "be in good health". Wassailing likely predates the Norman conquest in 1066. The wishing of good fortune to neighbors produced the song "Here We Come-A-Wassailing".^[2] Another song, "We Wish You a Merry Christmas", also comes from the Wassailing tradition.^[2] The two forms, singing and wassailing, came together during the Victorian era in England.^[2] They produced the modern custom of Christmas caroling. Today Christmas carols are a very known tradition.

Christmas carols in classical music

In the 1680s and 1690s, two French composers added carols into their works. Louis-Claude Daquin wrote 12 noels for the organ. Marc-Antoine Charpentier wrote a few instrumental versions of noels, plus one major choral work "Messe de minuit pour Noël". Other examples include:

Ralph Vaughan Williams: Fantasia on Christmas Carols, 1912.
Victor Hely-Hutchinson: Carol Symphony, 1927.
Benjamin Britten: A Ceremony of Carols (for choir and harp), 1942
Christina Rossetti's poem "In the Bleak Midwinter" has been set to music by (amongst others) Gustav Holst (1905) and Harold Darke (1911).
Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki quotes the Christmas carol "Silent Night" in his Second Symphony, nicknamed the Christmas Symphony.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 "The History of Christmas". History.com/ A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Kristi Oloffson (21 December 2009). "Christmas Caroling". Time Inc. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

Other websites

[History-1] 1.0 ^1.1 "The History of Christmas". History.com/ A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

[Time-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Kristi Oloffson (21 December 2009). "Christmas Caroling". Time Inc. Retrieved 5 November 2015.

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