Comedy movie
A comedy movie is a genre of movie which is mainly humorous. These movies are made to make the audience laugh.[1] These movies nomally have a happy ending (black comedy is an exception). Comedy movies are one of the oldest genres in movies. They come from the classical comedy in theatre. Some of the earliest silent movies were comedies. This is because slapstick comedy did not need sound to be entertaining. When sound in movies begen being used in the 1920s, comedy moviess still did well because laughter could come from both situations and dialogue.
Comedy puts much more focus on individual actors. Many former stand-up comics began doing movies because of this. Many comic movies are lighthearted stories. They have no goal other than to make people laugh. Others have political or social commentary.
In The Screenwriters Taxonomy (2017), Eric R. Williams says that movie genres are mainly based upon a movies atmosphere, character and story. He says the labels "drama" and "comedy" are too broad to be a genre.[2] Instead, his comedy taxonomy argues that comedy is a type of movie that contains at least a dozen different sub-types.[3]
History
changeSilent movie era
changeThe first comedy movie was L'Arroseur Arrosé (1895). It was directed and produced by Louis Lumière. The movie is less than 60 seconds long. It shows a boy playing a prank on a gardener. The most well known comedy actors of the silent movie era (1895-1927) were Charlie Chaplin, Harold Lloyd, and Buster Keaton.
Sub-types
changeAnarchic comedy
changeThe anarchic comedy movie is a random type of humour. It often makes fun of authority.[4] The genre began in the silent era. Notable examples of this type of movie are those made by Monty Python.[5] Others include National Lampoon's Animal House (1978) and Marx Brothers movies such as Duck Soup (1933).
Bathroom comedy (or gross out comedy)
changeGross out movies are a recent creation. They use vulgar, sexual or "toilet" humor. They often have a large amount of profanity.[6] Examples include Porky's (1982), Dumb and Dumber (1994), There's Something About Mary (1998), and American Pie (1999).
Comedy of ideas
changeThis type uses comedy to look at serious ideas such as religion, sex or politics. The characters normally have world views that are different from most people. How they interact with other people leads to comedic effect and social commentary.[7] Some examples include Bob Roberts (1992) and MASH (1970).
Comedy of manners
changeA comedy of manners satirizes a social class. The plot of a comedy of manners is often about some scandal. The plot is usuallly less important for its witty dialogue. This form of comedy has been used at least since Much Ado about Nothing created by William Shakespeare in 1623.[8] Examples for comedy of manners movies include Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) and Under the Tuscan Sun (2003).
Black comedy
changeThe black comedy movie deals with taboo subjects. These include death, murder, crime and suicide. These subjects are used in a satirical way.[9] Examples include Arsenic and Old Lace (1944), Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964), S.O.B. (1981), Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1983), Brazil (1985), The War of the Roses (1989), Heathers (1989), Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998), Thank You for Smoking (2005), Burn After Reading (2008), The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017) and Parasite (2019).
Mockumentary
changeMockumentary comedies are fictional, but use a documentary style. They often have interviews and "documentary" footage along regular scenes. Examples include The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980), This Is Spinal Tap (1984), Waiting for Guffman (1996), Best In Show (2000), and Reboot Camp (2020).
Parody (or spoof)
changeA parody or spoof movie makes fun of other movie genres or classic movies. These movies use sarcasm, stereotyping and make fun of scenes from other movie and the actions of characters in those movies.[10] Examples of this form include Mud and Sand (1922), Blazing Saddles (1974), Airplane! (1980), Young Frankenstein (1974), Spaceballs (1987), and Scary Movie (2000).
Sex comedy
changeThe humor in sex comedy come from sexual situations.[11] Examples include Choke (2008) and Knocked Up (2007).
Situational comedy
changeHumor that comes from knowing a group of characters (or character types) and then putting them to different situations to create humor.[12] This type of movie includes Galaxy Quest (1999) and Madea's Big Happy Family (2011).
Straight comedy
changeThis type applies to movies that dused comedy for comedic sake.[13] Clueless (1995) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) are examples of straight comedy movies.
Surreal comedy
changeAlthough not a part of the history of surrealism, these comedies have behavior and ways of telling the story that are not logical. Some examples are Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) and Swiss Army Man (2016).
References
change- ↑ "Comedy Films". Filmsite.org. Retrieved 29 April 2002.
- ↑ Williams, Eric R. Screen adaptation : beyond the basics : techniques for adapting books, comics, and real-life stories into screenplays. Ayres, Tyler. New York. ISBN 978-1-315-66941-0. OCLC 986993829.
- ↑ Williams, Eric R. (2017). The Screenwriters Taxonomy: A Roadmap to Collaborative Storytelling. New York, NY: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-10864-3. OCLC 993983488.
- ↑ "Absurd Comedy". Allmovies.
- ↑ Sexton, Timothy. "Anarchic Comedy from the Silent Era to Monty Python". Yahoo! Movies.
- ↑ Henderson, Jeffrey (1991). The maculate muse : obscene language in Attic comedy (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802312-8. OCLC 252588785.
- ↑ "Definition of Comedy of Ideas". Our Pastimes. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
- ↑ Nettleton, George Henry; Case, Arthur Ellicott; Stone, George Winchester (1975). British dramatists from Dryden to Sheridan (Southern Illinois University Press ed.). Carbondale, Illinois. ISBN 0-8093-0743-X. OCLC 1924010.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Black humour". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-06-15.
- ↑ Mellon, Rory (2016). "A History of the Parody Movie". Retrieved 2020-06-15.
- ↑ McDonald, Tamar Jeffers (2007). Romantic comedy : boy meets girl meets genre. London: Wallflower. ISBN 978-0-231-50338-9. OCLC 813844867.
- ↑ Dancyger, Ken. (2013). Alternative scriptwriting : beyond the Hollywood formula. Rush, Jeff. (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Focal Press. ISBN 978-1-136-05362-7. OCLC 828423649.
- ↑ Bown, Lesley (2011). The secrets to writing great comedy. London: Hodder Education. ISBN 978-1-4441-2892-5. OCLC 751058407.
Bibliography
change- Thomas W. Bohn and Richard L. Stromgren, Light and Shadows: A History of Motion Pictures, 1975, Mayfield Publishing.
- Horton, Andrew S. (1991). Comedy/Cinema/Theory. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07040-0.
- King, Geoff (2002). Film Comedy. Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1-903364-36-9.
- Rickman, Gregg (2004). The Film Comedy Reader. Limelight Editions. ISBN 978-0-87910-295-1.
- Weitz, Eric (2009). The Cambridge Introduction to Comedy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83260-1.
- Williams, Eric R. (2017) The Screenwriters Taxonomy: A Roadmap to Creative Storytelling. New York, NY: Routledge Press, Studies in Media Theory and Practice. ISBN 978-1-315-10864-3