Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide, also known as nitrogen tetroxide or dinitrogen tetraoxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is N2O4. It contains nitrogen in its +4 oxidation state. It contains nitrogen and oxide ions.
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
Dinitrogen tetraoxide
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| Other names
Dinitrogen(II) oxide(-I)
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.012 | ||
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PubChem CID
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| UN number | 1067 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| N2O4 | |||
| Molar mass | 92.011 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colourless liquid / orange gas | ||
| Density | 1.44246 g/cm3 (liquid, 21 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −11.2 °C (11.8 °F; 261.9 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 21.69 °C (71.04 °F; 294.84 K) | ||
| reacts | |||
| Vapor pressure | 96 kPa (20 °C)[1] | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.00112 | ||
| Structure | |||
| planar, D2h | |||
| zero | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
+9.16 kJ/mol[2] | ||
| Standard molar entropy S |
304.29 J K−1 mol−1[2] | ||
| Hazards | |||
| MSDS | External MSDS | ||
| EU classification | Very toxic (T+) Corrosive (C) | ||
| EU Index | 007-002-00-0 | ||
| NFPA 704 |
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| R-phrases | R26, R34 | ||
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S9, S26, S28, S36/37/39, S45 | ||
| Flash point | Non-flammable | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
| Infobox references | |||
Properties
changeIt is a colorless gas, although it is sometimes polluted with nitrogen dioxide. It is very corrosive and a strong oxidizing agent. It can ignite on contact with hydrazine. It can be made by bonding two nitrogen dioxide molecules together at a low temperature or a high pressure.
Preparation
changeIt is made by bonding nitrogen dioxide molecules together in pairs.
Uses
changeIt is used as a rocket propellant, along with hydrazine. This mixture is good since it does not have to be ignited. It is used similar to nitrogen dioxide to make nitric acid. It can react with metals to make nitrates.
Safety
changeDinitrogen is highly toxic and corrosive. Some astronauts breathed it and had to go to a hospital.
Related pages
changeSources
change- ↑ International Chemical Safety Card
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 P.W. Atkins and J. de Paula, Physical Chemistry (8th ed., W.H. Freeman, 2006) p.999