Dwarf planet

planetary-mass object in hydrostatic equilibrium but which has not cleared its neighborhood

Dwarf planet is the name used to classify some objects in the solar system. This definition was made on August 24, 2006 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), and can be described as; a dwarf planet is a body orbiting the Sun that is big enough to round itself by its own gravity, but has not cleared its orbital path of other rival bodies. At the same meeting the IAU also defined the term planet for the first time. Some astronomers think that the term "dwarf planet" is too confusing and needs to be changed.

Ceres is in the asteroid belt (taken by the Dawn spacecraft)
Pluto (taken by the New Horizons Spacecraft)
Haumea with its moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka (artist's conception)
Makemake (artist's conception)
Eris & Dysnomia (planet is red)

The nine dwarf planets, in order from their distance from the Sun are:

  1. Ceres (in the Asteroid belt)
  2. Orcus
  3. Pluto. Pluto was named by an 11-year-old girl because it was the initials of the astronomer who found it.[1]
  4. Haumea
  5. Quaoar
  6. Makemake
  7. Gonggong
  8. Eris
  9. Sedna

The dwarf planets, unlike the terrestrial and gas giant planets, are in more than one region of the solar system. Ceres is in the asteroid belt. The high orbital eccentricity of Pluto puts it mostly outside Neptune's orbit, but partly inside. The others are in the trans-Neptune region.

NASA's Dawn and New Horizons missions reached Ceres and Pluto, respectively, in 2015. Dawn had already orbited and observed Vesta in 2011.

There are many other dwarf planets in the solar system. Most of them are also Kuiper belt objects.

Discovery change

  • Ceres was found by Giuseppe Piazzi on January 1, 1801. Classified as a dwarf planet on September 13, 2006.
  • Pluto was found by Clyde W. Tombaugh on February 18, 1930. Reclassified as a dwarf planet on August 24, 2006
  • Haumea was found by a team led by Mike Brown on December 28, 2004. Accepted as a dwarf planet on September 17, 2008.
  • Makemake was found by a team led by Mike Brown on March 31, 2005. Accepted as a dwarf planet on July 11, 2008.
  • Eris was found by Mike Brown and his science team on January 5, 2005. Accepted as a dwarf planet on September 13, 2006.

References change

  1. Rincon, Paul 2006. The girl who named a planet. [1]

Other websites change