Emilio Aguinaldo

His Excellency
*Generalissimo*

Emilio Aguinaldo

QSC CCLH
His Excellency; Generalissimo; Emilio Aguinaldo; QSC CCLH
	Aguinaldo in 1919
1st President of the Philippines
	In office; January 23, 1899 – March 23, 1901
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini; (January 23 – May 7, 1899); Pedro Paterno; (May 7 – November 13, 1899);
Preceded by	Position established; Diego de los Ríos (as Governor-General of the Philippines)
Succeeded by	Position abolished; Officially Manuel L. Quezon (as President of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935); Unofficially Miguel Malvar (as President of the First Philippine Republic)
President of the Revolutionary Government
	In office; June 23, 1898 – January 22, 1899
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini; (January 2 – 22, 1899);
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished; (Revolutionary government superseded by the First Philippine Republic)
Dictator of the Philippines
	In office; May 24, 1898 – June 23, 1898
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished; (Dictatorial government replaced by a revolutionary government with Aguinaldo assuming the title president)
President of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato
	In office; November 2, 1897 – December 14, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trias
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
President of the Tejeros Revolutionary Government
	In office; March 22, 1897 – November 1, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trias
Preceded by	Position established (Unofficially held by Andrés Bonifacio as leader of the Katipunan)
Succeeded by	Position abolished; (Tejeros government superseded by the Republic of Biak-na-Bato)
Personal details
Born	March 22, 1869; Kawit, Cavite, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spain
Died	February 6, 1964 (aged 94); Quezon City, Philippines
Resting place	Emilio F. Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite
Political party	See footnote
Spouse(s)	Hilaria del Rosario (m. 1896; died 1921); María Agoncillo (m. 1930; died 1963)
Children	5 (see below)
Alma mater	Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Profession	Politician; Military leader
Awards	; Philippine Legion of Honor; ; Quezon Service Cross
Religion	Roman Catholicism, later; Philippine Independent Church
Signature
Military service
Nickname(s)	"Kapitan Miong"; "Heneral Miong" ; "Ka Miong"; "El Caudillo"; "Magdalo"; "Hermano Colon"
Allegiance	First Philippine Republic; Republic of Biak-na-Bato; Katipunan (Magdalo)
Branch/service	Philippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1897–1901
Rank	Minister/Field marshal Generalissimo
Battles/wars	See battles Philippine Revolution; ; Kawit revolt; ; Battle of Imus; ; Battle of Talisay; ; Battle of Binakayan; ; Battle of Pateros; ; Battle of Zapote Bridge; ; Battle of Silang; ; Battle of Perez Dasmariñas; ; Battle of Naic; ; Retreat to Montalban; ; Battle of Aliaga; ; Battle of Alapan; Spanish–American War; ; Battle of Manila (1898); Philippine–American War; ; Battle of Manila (1899); ; Battle of Marilao River; -
	; Coat of arms of a the President of the Philippines
	Footnotes:; ↑ Aguinaldo ran for president in 1935 under the ticket of the National Socialist Party, but in opening, his campaign he disavowed association with any political party. ;

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy QSC CCLH^[d] (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Philippine nationalist. He was a leader of the Katipunan, a Philippine independence movement organization. He was President of the Philippine revolutionary government from 1897 to 1901.

Early life and career

Aguinaldo was born in Kawit, Cavite belonging to a very political family. His father, for example, was gobernadorcillo and so was his older brother, Crisopulo.^[12]

Because of political influence within the family, Aguinaldo would later pursue to become cabeza de barangay in his hometown of Kawit. He then became Capitan Municipal.^[12]

The Katipunan and Magdalo

He joined the Katipunan in 1895 during his service as Capitan Municipal of Kawit.

After the start of the revolution in Cavite, two revolutionary governments became very influential inside the region. These are the Magdalo leadership and the Magdiwang leadership. The Magdalo leadership was under the guidance of Baldomero Aguinaldo, Aguinaldo's cousin.^[13]

Because the two governments dislike each other, Andres Bonifacio, the leader of Katipunan, wanted them to become close friends. During the Tejeros Convention, a meeting was held to unite two governments. An election was also held so that they will have a president for the new revolutionary government. After the election, Emilio won to become the new leader but was disliked by Andres Bonifacio. According to Daniel Tirona, Aguinaldo was the right leader for the new government because he graduated as a lawyer unlike Bonifacio.^[13]

References

↑ "Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
↑ "Emilio Aguinaldo". Malacaňan Palace Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.
↑ "First Philippine President Emilio F. Aguinaldo 46th Death Anniversary". Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation. February 5, 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "Emilio F. Aguinaldo (1869–1964)" (PDF). nhi.gov.ph. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 4, 2011.
↑ Dyal, Donald H; Carpenter, Brian B & Thomas, Mark A (1996). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish American War (Digital library). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-313-28852-4.
↑ Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). OOI, Keat Gin (ed.). Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 vols. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 129. ISBN 978-1576077702. OCLC 646857823. Archived from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
↑ The year of birth on his death certificate was incorrectly typed as 1809.
"Philippines, Civil Registration (Local), 1888–1983," index and images, FamilySearch (accessed May 2, 2014), Metropolitan Manila > Quezon City > Death certificates > 1964; citing National Census and Statistics Office, Manila.
↑ "Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964)". aboutph.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2010.
↑ Turot, Henri (1900). Les hommes de révolution Aguinaldo et les Philippins [Emilio Aguinaldo, first Filipino president, 1898–1901] (in French). préface par Jean Jaures; translated by Mitchell Abidor. Paris: Librairie Léopold Cerf. ISBN 978-1146599917. OCLC 838009722.
↑ "Alternative Parties in the Philippines: National Socialist". history-ph.blogspot.com.
↑ "Aguinaldo opens campaign, June 8, 1935". The Philippines Free Press. 8 June 1935. Retrieved 8 March 2014. I do not have any political party behind me, my party is composed of the humble sons of the people, flattered before elections and forgotten after triumph."
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Ardes, A. B. (2003). Talambuhay ng mga Bayani. Sta. Cruz, Manila, Philippines: Juneecon Enterprises. p. 10.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Mactal, Dr. Ronaldo (2013). Historia: Batayang Aklat sa Araling Panlipunan. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-971-06-3272-5.

↑ January 23, 1899 was the date of Aguinaldo's inauguration as President under the First Philippine Republic of the Malolos Constitution. He had held positions as President of the Revolutionary Government from March 22, 1897 to November 2, 1897, President of the Biak-na-Bato Republic from November 2, 1897 to December 20, 1897, Head of a Dictatorial Government from May 24, 1898 to June 23, 1898, and President of another Revolutionary Government from June 23, 1898 to January 22, 1899.^[1]
↑ March 23, 1901 was the date of Aguinaldo's capture by American forces.^[3]
↑ The exact date of Aguinaldo's birthdate was March 22, 1869. It can be seen in National Historical Institute's marker in Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Some sources give other dates.^[8]^[9]
↑ In the Philippine "Declaration of Independence" his maternal family name is given as Fami.

Other websites

Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo Archived 2013-01-24 at the Wayback Machine

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[15] Aguinaldo ran for president in 1935 under the ticket of the National Socialist Party,^[10] but in opening, his campaign he disavowed association with any political party.^[11]

[when-1] "Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.

[iIBcw-3] "Emilio Aguinaldo". Malacaňan Palace Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012.

[79khA-4] "First Philippine President Emilio F. Aguinaldo 46th Death Anniversary". Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation. February 5, 2011.^{[permanent dead link]}

[nhibio-6] "Emilio F. Aguinaldo (1869–1964)" (PDF). nhi.gov.ph. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 4, 2011.

[dyalp6-7] Dyal, Donald H; Carpenter, Brian B & Thomas, Mark A (1996). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish American War (Digital library). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-313-28852-4.

[ooikg1-129-8] Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). OOI, Keat Gin (ed.). Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 vols. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 129. ISBN 978-1576077702. OCLC 646857823. Archived from the original on 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2020-09-27.

[death-9] The year of birth on his death certificate was incorrectly typed as 1809.
"Philippines, Civil Registration (Local), 1888–1983," index and images, FamilySearch (accessed May 2, 2014), Metropolitan Manila > Quezon City > Death certificates > 1964; citing National Census and Statistics Office, Manila.

[5dvIb-10] "Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964)". aboutph.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2010.

[turoth1-11] Turot, Henri (1900). Les hommes de révolution Aguinaldo et les Philippins [Emilio Aguinaldo, first Filipino president, 1898–1901] (in French). préface par Jean Jaures; translated by Mitchell Abidor. Paris: Librairie Léopold Cerf. ISBN 978-1146599917. OCLC 838009722.

[nUHd7-13] "Alternative Parties in the Philippines: National Socialist". history-ph.blogspot.com.

[CyWID-14] "Aguinaldo opens campaign, June 8, 1935". The Philippines Free Press. 8 June 1935. Retrieved 8 March 2014. I do not have any political party behind me, my party is composed of the humble sons of the people, flattered before elections and forgotten after triumph."

[:0-17] 12.0 ^12.1 Ardes, A. B. (2003). Talambuhay ng mga Bayani. Sta. Cruz, Manila, Philippines: Juneecon Enterprises. p. 10.

[:1-18] 13.0 ^13.1 Mactal, Dr. Ronaldo (2013). Historia: Batayang Aklat sa Araling Panlipunan. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-971-06-3272-5.

[2] January 23, 1899 was the date of Aguinaldo's inauguration as President under the First Philippine Republic of the Malolos Constitution. He had held positions as President of the Revolutionary Government from March 22, 1897 to November 2, 1897, President of the Biak-na-Bato Republic from November 2, 1897 to December 20, 1897, Head of a Dictatorial Government from May 24, 1898 to June 23, 1898, and President of another Revolutionary Government from June 23, 1898 to January 22, 1899.^[1]

[5] March 23, 1901 was the date of Aguinaldo's capture by American forces.^[3]

[birthdate-note-12] The exact date of Aguinaldo's birthdate was March 22, 1869. It can be seen in National Historical Institute's marker in Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Some sources give other dates.^[8]^[9]

[name-16] In the Philippine "Declaration of Independence" his maternal family name is given as Fami.

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[infobox 1]

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His Excellency Generalissimo Emilio Aguinaldo QSC CCLH
Aguinaldo in 1919

1st President of the Philippines^[2]
In office January 23, 1899^[a] – March 23, 1901^[b]
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini (January 23 – May 7, 1899) Pedro Paterno (May 7 – November 13, 1899)
Preceded by	Position established Diego de los Ríos (as Governor-General of the Philippines)
Succeeded by	Position abolished Officially Manuel L. Quezon (as President of the Philippine Commonwealth in 1935) Unofficially Miguel Malvar (as President of the First Philippine Republic)
President of the Revolutionary Government
In office June 23, 1898 – January 22, 1899
Prime Minister	Apolinario Mabini (January 2 – 22, 1899)
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Revolutionary government superseded by the First Philippine Republic)
Dictator of the Philippines
In office May 24, 1898 – June 23, 1898
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Dictatorial government replaced by a revolutionary government with Aguinaldo assuming the title president)
President of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato
In office November 2, 1897 – December 14, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trias
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
President of the Tejeros Revolutionary Government
In office March 22, 1897 – November 1, 1897
Vice President	Mariano Trias
Preceded by	Position established (Unofficially held by Andrés Bonifacio as leader of the Katipunan)
Succeeded by	Position abolished (Tejeros government superseded by the Republic of Biak-na-Bato)

Personal details
Born	(1869-03-22)March 22, 1869^[c] Kawit, Cavite, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spain
Died	February 6, 1964(1964-02-06) (aged 94) Quezon City, Philippines
Resting place	Emilio F. Aguinaldo Shrine, Kawit, Cavite
Political party	See footnote^{[infobox 1]}
Spouse(s)	Hilaria del Rosario (m. 1896; died 1921) María Agoncillo (m. 1930; died 1963)
Children	5 (see below)
Alma mater	Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Profession	Politician Military leader
Awards	Philippine Legion of Honor Quezon Service Cross
Religion	Roman Catholicism, later Philippine Independent Church
Signature
Military service
Nickname(s)	"Kapitan Miong" "Heneral Miong" "Ka Miong" "El Caudillo" "Magdalo" "Hermano Colon"
Allegiance	First Philippine Republic Republic of Biak-na-Bato Katipunan (Magdalo)
Branch/service	Philippine Revolutionary Army
Years of service	1897–1901
Rank	Minister/Field marshal Generalissimo
Battles/wars	See battles Philippine Revolution Kawit revolt Battle of Imus Battle of Talisay Battle of Binakayan Battle of Pateros Battle of Zapote Bridge Battle of Silang Battle of Perez Dasmariñas Battle of Naic Retreat to Montalban Battle of Aliaga Battle of Alapan Spanish–American War Battle of Manila (1898) Philippine–American War Battle of Manila (1899) Battle of Marilao River -
Coat of arms of a the President of the Philippines
Footnotes: ↑ Aguinaldo ran for president in 1935 under the ticket of the National Socialist Party,^[10] but in opening, his campaign he disavowed association with any political party.^[11]