Irma Grese
Irma Ida Ilse Grese (7 October 1923 – 13 December 1945) was a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS), a powerful Nazi military organization, during World War II. She was a guard at the Nazi concentration camps at Ravensbrück and Auschwitz. She was also the warden of the women's part of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.[1]
| Irma Grese | |
|---|---|
 Photograph of Grese in August 1945, while she was awaiting trial | |
| Nickname | The Beautiful Beast Die Hyäne von Auschwitz ("The Hyena of Auschwitz") |
| Born | 7 October 1923 Wrechen, Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Germany |
| Died | 13 December 1945 (aged 22) Hamelin, Germany |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch |  Schutzstaffel |
| Years of service | 1942–1945 |
| Rank | SS-Helferin |
| Unit | |
Grese was nicknamed "the Hyena of Auschwitz" (German: die Hyäne von Auschwitz) by prisoners there because of the cruel ways she treated them.[2][3][4] After World War II ended, Grese was put on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials. She was convicted of crimes against humanity for the things she did at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. She was executed in 1945 at age 22.[5] However, according to A. Pierrepoint (British executioner of Grese) as she was questioned by RSM O'Neil prior to the execution, she gave her age as "Twenty-one".[6]
Early life change
Irma Grese was born in Germany in 1923. In 1936, when Grese was 13, her mother killed herself by drinking hydrochloric acid, a poison, after finding out that her husband had an affair (a relationship with another woman).[7] Grese's father probably joined the Nazi Party in 1937,[8][9] and got married again in 1939.[7]
When she was 14, Grese quit school. By then, she was a member of the League of German Girls (Bund Deutscher Mädel), a Nazi group for girls.
Concentration camp guard change
Grese volunteered to work in a concentration camp. In 1942, when she was 19 years old, she started working as a guard at Ravensbrück, a concentration camp for women. In March 1943, she was sent to work at Auschwitz-Birkenau. After a year, Grese was promoted to Rapportführerin - warden - at Bergen-Belsen. This was the second-highest rank that a woman could reach. In this job, she helped choose which prisoners would be killed in the concentration camp's gas chambers.[10]: 219
When British soldiers were getting close to Bergen-Belsen to liberate it (take it over and free its prisoners), Grese and some other people in the SS decided not to run away. They were captured by the British on 17 April 1945, and taken to prison.[11]
In her famous memoir called Five Chimneys, Olga Lengyel (who had been a prisoner in a camp where Grese worked) wrote about how Grese acted there. Lengyel wrote that Grese liked hurting prisoners, making them afraid of her, and choosing which ones would be killed in the gas chambers.[12]
Trial and execution change
Grese was put on trial for war crimes at the "Belsen Trial." Instead of having one big trial with hundreds of defendants, the Nuremberg Trials were separated into smaller trials. For example, people who were accused of committing crimes at Bergen-Belsen were put on trial at the Belsen Trial. Grese was tried there with 44 other people. Her trial lasted from September to November 1945. She was given a lawyer named Major L. Cranfield.
Grese was accused of treating prisoners in ways that were illegal because of an international law called the Third Geneva Convention. People who had been prisoners in the camps Grese worked at talked about how Grese murdered and tortured prisoners. They said she especially liked to hurt women. They talked about how Grese beat prisoners, let her dogs attack them, whipped them, and shot them. They said she liked to whip women's breasts, and then make the camp doctor, Gisella Perl, do surgery on the women's breasts without anesthetic, because she liked watching them suffer.[13]
Two other female guards were tried at the Belsen Trial. However, Grese was the only woman to get the death penalty.[10]: 219
On Thursday, 13 December 1945, in Hamelin Jail, Grese was executed by hanging.
Related pages change
References change
- ↑ The Times; The Belsen trial; 18 September 1945; pg6
- ↑ Barbara Möller (30 August 2014). "Die Hyäne von Auschwitz". Sie waren Mörderinnen aus Gelegenheit. DIE WELT. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ↑ Sonja Peteranderl (2014). "Der Mann, der Rudolf Höß jagte". KZ-Aufseherin Irma Grese. Die "Hyäne von Auschwitz". Spiegel Online, Hamburg, Germany. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ↑ Pierre Heumann (2013). "Hitlers Furien". Grese, die «Hyäne von Auschwitz». Die Weltwoche Magazin. Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ↑ Hollander-Lafon, Magda (2013). Vier Stuckchen Brot: Ein Hymne an das Leben. Verlag. pp. 95–. ISBN 978-3-641-12709-1. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
- ↑ Bailey, Brian (2004-09-23). "Pierrepoint, Albert (1905–1992), executioner". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38768. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 2023-06-18. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Oberaufseherin Irma Ilse Ida Grese". www.bergenbelsen.co.uk.
- ↑ Vronsky, Peter (2007). Female Serial Killers: How and Why Women Become Monsters. Penguin. p. 383. ISBN 978-1-101-20569-3.
- ↑ "Biographie de Irma Grese Gardienne SS à AUSCHWITZ". Archived from the original on 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Knoch, Habbo, ed. (2010). Bergen-Belsen: Wehrmacht POW Camp 1940–1945, Concentration Camp 1943–1945, Displaced Persons Camp 1945–1950. Catalogue of the permanent exhibition. Wallstein. ISBN 978-3-8353-0794-0.
- ↑ Celinscak, Mark (2015). Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Concentration Camp. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-1570-0.
- ↑ Lengyel, Olga (1995). Five Chimneys. Academy Chicago. pp. 001–231. ISBN 978-0-89733-376-4.
- ↑ "Excerpts from The Belsen Trial (5/5)". Nizkor.org. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2011-06-07.