Jedwabne pogrom (1941)
The Jedwabne pogrom was a massacre of Jews in the Polish town Jedwabne on 10 July 1941 when Poland was occupied by Nazi Germany.[1] 300~1,600 are estimated to have been killed, ranging from women, children to elderly, many of whom were burned alive in a barn,[2] while 40+ ethnic Poles are estimated to have participated in the pogrom under the auspices of Nazi German military police (Feldgendarmerie).[3][4]
It is said that the pogrom was conducted with exceptional brutality. Not only was an entire village burned alive, but also women were raped before slain, men and children were stabbed to death with knives, pitchforks, axes, hatchets. No compassion was seen by any witnesses who later testified in war crimes trials.[5]
Aftermath
changeThe pogrom did not come into public knowledge until the early 2000s, when the film Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland was released in 2001. The Institute of National Remembrance (Polish: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej), Poland's state research agency that prosecutes Nazi and Soviet war crimes against the country, conducted a forensic investigation in 2000–2003 to confirm that the perpetrators were ethnic Poles, shocking the Poles and the world as the findings contradict the common belief about the the Holocaust in Poland having emphasized on Polish victimhood.[6][3][4]
See also
changeReferences
change- ↑
- Gross 2001, pp. 14–20
- Stola 2003
- Persak 2011
- ↑
- Stola 2003, pp. 140, 145–146
- Crago 2012, p. 900
- ↑ 3.0 3.1
- Gross 2001, pp. 76–78 "There was an outpost of German gendarmerie in Jedwabne, staffed by eleven men. We can also infer from various sources that a group of Gestapo men arrived in town by taxi either on that day or the previous one." [...] "At the time the undisputed bosses of life and death in Jedwabne were the Germans. No sustained organized activity could take place there without their consent. They were the only ones who could decide the fate of the Jews."
- "The anniversary of the Jedwabne massacre". Museum of the History of Polish Jews. Warsaw, Poland. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
- Törnquist-Plewa, Barbara. Echoes of the Holocaust: Historical Cultures in Contemporary Europe (PDF) (1 ed.). Nordic Academic Press. doi:10.2307/jj.919484. JSTOR jj.919484. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
- "This week in Jewish history". World Jewish Congress. July 10, 2022. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
Hundreds of Jews massacred in Jedwabne pogrom
- ↑ 4.0 4.1
- Joanna Beata Michlic (December 5, 2017). "Scholars' Forum: Holocaust Historiography in Eastern Europe (Part II) Editors: Kiril Feferman and Kobi Kabalek". Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust. 31 (3): 296–306. doi:10.1080/23256249.2017.1376793.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - Korycki, Kate (March 31, 2019). "Polticized memory in Poland: anti-communism and the Holocaust". Holocaust Studies: 351–376. doi:10.1080/17504902.2019.1567669. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
- Kończal, Kornelia (September 3, 2021). "Forum: "Patriotic History" and the (Re)nationalization of Memory". Journal of Genocide Research. 24 (2) (1 ed.). Bielefeld, Germany: Contemporary European History: 250–263. doi:10.1080/14623528.2021.1968147. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
- Machcewicz, Paweł (August 18, 2023). Neighbors, the Jedwabne Massacre of Jews and the Controversy that Changed Poland (1 ed.). Warsaw, Poland: Contemporary European History. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1017/S0960777323000504. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
- Joanna Beata Michlic (December 5, 2017). "Scholars' Forum: Holocaust Historiography in Eastern Europe (Part II) Editors: Kiril Feferman and Kobi Kabalek". Dapim: Studies on the Holocaust. 31 (3): 296–306. doi:10.1080/23256249.2017.1376793.
- ↑ Żbikowski, Andrzej. "Mass murder of Jewish citizens in Jedwabne, Radziłów and other locations in the eastern Mazovia region in the summer of 1941". Jewish Historical Institute. Retrieved October 21, 2024.
- ↑ Adam Michnik, In Search of Lost Meaning: The New Eastern Europe, Chapter 10: "The Shock of Jedwabne", p.204-, University of California Press (2011)