Kaei
Japanese era from April 1848 to January 1855
Kaei (嘉永) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Kōka and before Ansei. This period started in February 1848 and ended in November 1854.[1] During this time, the emperor was Kōmei-tennō (孝明天皇).[2]
The nengō Kaei means "Celebration of Eternity"[3] or "Eternal Felicity"[4]
Events of the Kaei Era
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- July 1853 (Kaei 6): Commodore Matthew Perry and the United States Navy anchor off Uraga at the mouth of Tokyo Bay.[6]
- 1854 (Kaei 7): Commodore Perry returns to Edo Bay to force Japanese agreement to the Treaty of Kanagawa. The chief Japanese negotiator was Hayashi Akira.[7]
During the Kaei era, the shogunate bought guns and encouraged the manufacture of guns.[9]
Related pages
changeReferences
change- ↑ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kaei" Japan Encyclopedia, p. 444.
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Kōmei Tennō," p. 553.
- ↑ Keene, Donald. (1999). Dawn to the West: Japanese Literature of the Modern Era; Poetry, Drama, Criticsm, p. 393.
- ↑ Satow, Ernest Mason. (1905). Japan 1853-1864, Or, Genji Yume Monogatari, p. 11.
- ↑ Whitney, Willis Norton. (1885). "Notes on the history of medical progress in Japan", Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan, pp. 839-843.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, p. 323.
- ↑ Sewall, John. (1905). The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas, p. lxiv; Cullen, Louis M. (2003). A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds, p. 178 n11.
- ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 323; Satow, pp. 9-10.
- ↑ Masúda, Norimoto et al. (1922). Military Industries of Japan, p. 13.
Other websites
change- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
| Kaei | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1848 | 1849 | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 |
| Preceded by: Kōka |
Era or nengō: Kaei |
Succeeded by: Ansei |