Bantu languages

The Bantu languages (or Narrow Bantu languages) are a branch of the Niger-Congo languages. There are about 520 languages in the Bantu family, 670 languages in the Southern Bantoid branch which includes Bantu, and 1,532 in Niger-Congo. Bantu languages are spoken largely east and south of the present day country of Cameroon; i.e., in the regions commonly known as central Africa, east Africa, and southern Africa. Parts of the Bantu area include languages from other language families (see map). The Bantu language with the largest total number of speakers is Swahili.

Bantu
Geographic distribution:	Subsaharan Africa, mostly Southern Hemisphere
Linguistic classification:	Niger–Congo Atlantic-Congo Benue-Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu
Subdivisions:	Northeast Bantu Southern Bantu Zones A–S (geographic) Central Bantu (in doubt) Northwest Bantu (in doubt)
ISO 639-2 and 639-5:	bnt
[[File: Map showing the approximate distribution of Bantu vs. other Niger-Congo languages.|300px]]

The approximate locations of the sixteen Guthrie Bantu zones, including the addition of a zone J

The Bantu language with the largest number of native speakers is Shona with 13.8 million speakers in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana and Zambia. Zulu comes second with 10.3 million speakers.

The Bantu languages came from the region of eastern Nigeria or Cameroon. About 2000 years ago the Bantu people spread southwards and eastwards, introducing agriculture and iron working and colonizing much of the continent..

Bantu words popularised in western cultures

Some words from various Bantu languages have been borrowed into western languages. These include:

• Bwana
• Kwanzaa
• Marimba
• Safari
• Samba

Bibliography

• Maho, Jouni F. 2001. The Bantu area: (towards clearing up) a mess. Africa & Asia, 1:40–49 Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine.
• Maho, Jouni F. 2002. Bantu lineup: comparative overview of three Bantu classifications Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine. Göteborg University: Department of Oriental and African Languages.
• Piron, Pascale. 1995. Identification lexicostatistique des groupes Bantoïdes stables. Journal of West African Languages, 25(2): 3–39.

Other websites

• Comparative Bantu Online Dictionary - includes a comprehensive bibliography.
• Bantu online resources by Jacky Maniacky, including
  • List of Bantu noun classes with reconstructed Proto-Bantu prefixes (in French)
• Contini-Morava, Ellen. Noun Classification in Swahili Archived 2020-10-26 at the Wayback Machine. 1994.
• List of Bantu language names with synonyms ordered by Guthrie number).
• Introduction to the languages of South Africa
• Etymology Dictionary
• Adaptation of English loanwords in Chichewa
• Bemba Phonology Archived 2011-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
• Journal of West African Languages: Narrow Bantu Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
• Bantu Languages of Uganda Archived 2016-04-01 at the Wayback Machine