State Anthem of the Soviet Union
The State Anthem of the Soviet Union Russian: Госуда́рственный гимн Сове́тского Сою́за, romanized: Gosudárstvennyy gimn Sovétskogo Soyúza, Russian pronunciation: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ˈɡʲimn sɐˈvʲetskəvə sɐˈjuzə]) was the national anthem of the Soviet Union from 1944 until 1991. It replaced the old one, which was a Russian translation of The Internationale.[1][2] Currently it is the State Anthem of the Russian Federation.[3] The exuberant key of C major fits the mood of the anthem.
History
changeThe music was created around 1938 by Alexander Alexandrov, a great Russian composer who earlier started the Alexandrov Ensemble. The original lyrics were by Sergey Mikhalkov and Gabriel El-Registan and were first written in 1943. They mentioned Joseph Stalin by his name as well as the Great Patriotic War. When Stalin died in 1953, the lyrics were no longer appropriate and so the music was performed without them. For the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution in 1977, the lyrics were brought back, but changed so that they do not mention Stalin or the war.[1][2]
This song was in use until the Soviet Union broke down in 1991. Until then, most of the republics of the Soviet Union also had their anthem, but the Russian SSR did not until 1990. After Russia became independent, the Russian SSR anthem, which used a melody by Mikhail Glinka and had no official words, became the Russian national anthem. But in 2000, the newly elected president, Vladimir Putin, decided to bring back the melody of the Soviet anthem. He had new words written to it by Sergey Mikhalkov, the same person who wrote the original Soviet anthem.[1][2]
Below are the Russian and the English versions of the lyrics; both can be sung to the music. Like "The Internationale", there are also other versions of the Soviet anthem in different languages.
1977 lyrics
changeOfficial Russian lyrics
changeСоюз нерушимый республик свободных |
Sojuz nerušimyj respublik svobodnyh |
[sɐˈjus nʲɪruˈʂɨmɨj rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk svɐˈbodnɨx] |
Official English translation
changeThe official version of lyrics endorsed by CPSU:[5]
- Unbreakable Union of freeborn Republics,
- Great Russia has welded forever to stand.
- Created in struggle by will of the people,
- United and mighty, our Soviet land!
- Chorus:
- Sing to the Motherland, home of the free,
- Bulwark of peoples in brotherhood strong.
- O Party of Lenin, the strength of the people,
- To Communism's triumph lead us on!
- Through tempests, the sunrays of freedom have cheered us,
- Along the new path where great Lenin did lead.
- To a righteous cause he raised the peoples,
- Inspired them to labor and valorous deed.
- Chorus
- In the victory of Communism's deathless ideal,
- We see the future of our dear land.
- And to her fluttering scarlet banner,
- Selflessly true we always shall stand!
- Chorus
Original 1944 version
changeThe 1944 text had three different refrains following three different stanzas; in each refrain, the second line was consequently modified with references to friendship, then happiness and finally the glory. In 1977, these refrains were replaced by a uniform refrain following all stanzas.
Official Russian lyrics
changeСоюз нерушимый республик свободных |
Sojuz nerušimyj respublik svobodnyh |
[sɐˈjʉs nʲɪrʊˈʂɨmɨj rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk svɐˈbodnɨx] |
English translation of 1944 version
changeThe Russian [Soviet] republics, in freedom united,
Have mustered their power, their glory, their pride,
And thus they created the great Soviet Union,
The will of the nations that spread far and wide!
Great shall your glory be, Motherland proud and free,
Bulwark of friendship for nation and man!
Flag of the Soviet, lead us to victory,
Flag of the people since freedom began!
The sunlight of freedom has shone through the tempest,
And Lenin has lighted our path with his flame,
While Stalin has shown us that faith in the people
Inspires us to action, deeds, and fame.
Great shall your glory be, Motherland proud and free,
Bulwark of happiness for nation and man!
Flag of the Soviet, lead us to victory,
Flag of the people since freedom began!
Our army in action has grown in its power,
And soon it will wipe out the enemy horde;
The fate of the future is sealed by our bravery,
And honor and glory shall be our reward!
Great shall your glory be, Motherland proud and free,
Bulwark of glory for nation and man!
Flag of the Soviet, lead us to victory,
Flag of the people since freedom began![7]
Anthem of the Bolshevik Party
changeThe Hymn of the Bolshevik Party (Гимн партии большевиков / Gimn partii boljševikov) uses the same melody as the Soviet anthem, but with different lyrics by Vasily Lebedev-Kumach. [8] The opening bars of the song is sampled from Life has Become Better (Жить стало лучше / Žitj stalo lučše), one of Alexandrov's previous pieces.[9] From the 1930s to the 1950s, this served as the unofficial anthem of the Bolshevik Party. In 2016, Communists of Russia—a Russian communist party—declared that this piece is their party anthem.[10]
Lyrics
change| Russian (Cyrillic script) | Russian (Latin script) | Literal English translation |
|---|---|---|
Страны небывалой свободные дети, |
Strany nebyvaloj svobodnije deti, |
Free children of a state unprecedented [until now], |
Official translations
changeBecause the Soviet Union had several minority languages, the anthem was translated into several different languages, including all of the official languages of each SSR and several other minority languages (especially those of Russia), including Avar, Bashkir, Karachay-Balkar, Komi, Tatar and Sakha (Yakut).
References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 https://music-facts.ru/song/Aleksandr_Aleksandrov/Gimn_SSSR/ Archived 2021-04-16 at the Wayback Machine Гимн СССР. Александр Александров. Факты о песне., текст песни.. Интересные факты о песнях. Дата обращения 7 декабря 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 https://books.google.com/books?id=FegTAQAAIAAJ Frans C. Lemaire. Музыка XX века в России и в республиках бывшего Советского Союза. — Гиперион, 2003. — С. 108. — 532 с.
- ↑ Same Melody as the Soviet Anthem with new but Similar Lyrics by Mikhailkov
- ↑ Утверждён указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 27 мая 1977 года
- ↑ https://www.marxists.org/history/ussr/sounds/lyrics/anthem.htm Lyrics: The Soviet National Anthem. www.marxists.org. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
- ↑ Утверждён постановлением Политбюро ЦК ВКП(б) от 14 декабря 1944 года
- ↑ "Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza. Russian Anthems Museum. 2005-05-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-24. Retrieved 2018-01-01. [With some modifications in the text provided" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-24.
- ↑ SovMusic.ru - Гимн партии большевиков. Retrieved 2019-11-03.
- ↑ A. V. Aleksandrov, "Zhit' Stalo Luchshe". www.cyberussr.com. Retrieved 2017-12-18.
- ↑ "Коммунисты России" оценили итоги думских выборов и нацелились на президентские. ТАСС. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
- ↑ SovMusic.ru - Гимн партии большевиков. www.sovmusic.ru. Retrieved 2019-11-03.