Northern Dvina
The Northern Dvina (Се́верная Двина́, IPA: [ˈsʲevʲɪrnəjə dvʲɪˈna]; Komi: Вы́нва, romanized: Výnva) is a river in northern Russia. It goes through Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast. It goes into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Most of the water from Northwest Russia goes into the Arctic Ocean from the Northern Dvina River and the Pechora River.
| Northern Dvina Северная Двина (Russian) | |
|---|---|
 Northern Dvina starts as the confluence of Yug River (on left) and Sukhona River (on top) near Veliky Ustyug (photo 2001) | |
| Location | |
| Country | Russia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Confluence of Yug and Sukhona |
| Mouth | |
| - location | Dvina Bay |
| - elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 744 km (462 mi) |
| Basin size | 357,052 square kilometres (137,859 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| - location | White Sea (near mouth) |
| - average | (Period: 1984–2018)106 km3/a (3,400 m3/s)[1] |
| Discharge | |
| - location | Ust-Pinega (169 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 348,000 km2 (134,000 sq mi) |
| - average | (Period: 1881–1993)3,332 m3/s (117,700 cu ft/s)[3] |
| - minimum | 319 m3/s (11,300 cu ft/s)[2] |
| - maximum | 20,800 m3/s (730,000 cu ft/s)[4] |
Etymology
changeThe name of the river comes from the Western Dvina.[5]
In the Komi language, the river is called Вы́нва / Výnva. This word comes from vyn "power" and va "water, river". This makes the name "powerful river".
Navigation and canals
change
The river is used for timber rafting in the summer. The Northern Dvina Canal connects the Volga–Baltic Waterway and the Northern Dvina river. In the 1800s, the Northern Ekaterininsky Canal was made. This canal is now abandoned. In 1926–1928 a canal was used. This canal is not used.[6]
The river used to have lots of commercial passenger ships. Now, there are only local passenger ships.[7][8]
References
change- ↑ Dongmei, Feng; Colin, J. Gleason; Peirong, Lin; Xiao, Yang; Ming, Pan; Yuta, Ishitsuka (2021). "Recent changes to Arctic river discharge". Nature Communications. 12 (6917). doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27228-1. PMC 8617260.
- ↑ Dvina – Ust-Pinega
- ↑ Dvina – Ust-Pinega
- ↑ Dvina – Ust-Pinega
- ↑ Фасмер, Макс. Этимологический словарь Фасмера (in Russian). p. 161. Archived from the original on 2017-04-17. Retrieved 2011-11-20.
- ↑ "Канал рек Пинега-Кулой надо восстановить". Russian Geographic Society (in Russian). 13 February 2017.
- ↑ Kuzeyev, Iskander (23 October 2008). "Корабль дураков". Sovershenno Sekretno (in Russian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
- ↑ Alsufyev, Alexey. "Речной флот Архангельской области". Website of the Governor of Arkhangelsk Oblast (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2020-01-17. Retrieved 2024-05-31.
Other websites
change- Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch; Bealby, John Thomas (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). p. 738.
- Северная Двина. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
- A detailed article about Northern Dvina in the 1906 Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary