Pinyin

romanization scheme for Standard Mandarin

Pinyin is the Mandarin word for "spelling", writing letters showing the sound of a word in place of a Chinese character. Today, it almost always has the sense of Hanyu Pinyin, the way of writing Mandarin sounds which has been used by the People's Republic of China from the 1950s. Other countries like the United States and Taiwan used other ways of spelling Chinese (such as the Wade-Giles and Tongyong Pinyin ways) for a long time, but in the late 20th century started to use Hanyu Pinyin as well. It is standard in China and in the United Nations. It is the most common romanization system for Chinese.

Text in pinyin in Shanghai.

Pinyin uses Roman letters in a special way for certain Chinese sounds. For example, the pinyin letter C is pronounced as /ts/ as in the English word "cats" or the Japanese word "tsunami", and does not sound at all like /k/ or /s/ by itself. Pinyin uses special marks to show the four Chinese tones, which are very important to using Mandarin clearly.

Consonants change

b p m f w

d t n l

g k ng h

j q x y

z c s

Vowels change

a e i o u ü

Basic combinations of vowel and consonant change

ai ei ao ou

an en ang eng ong

Tones change

There are five kinds of tone in Pinyin:

ā, á, ǎ, à, a

Syllable-dividing mark (geyin fuhao) change

Geyin fuhao is used after the syllables starting with vowels "a, o, e", for example: pi'ao.

Orthography change

We should divide Pinyin text by words and write syllables connectedly, such as "I am a foreigner" should be written as "Wo shi waiguoren" in Pinyin.

Pinyin reading matters change

Other websites change