Aspen

For the Colorado city, see Aspen, Colorado.

Aspens are a type of poplar tree with leaves that move with the slightest wind. The two main species are both called 'trembling aspens' or 'quaking aspens' on account of their leaves.

Populus tremuloides

Individual clonal stands can be seen during the autumn, as on this mountainside in the Matanuska Valley in Alaska.

P. tremuloides leaves on mature trees are nearly round, 4–8 centimetres (1.6–3.1 in) in diameter with small rounded teeth, and a 3–7 centimetres (1.2–2.8 in) long, flattened petiole.

P. tremula leaves: adult (left) and juvenile (right)

Male catkins of Populus × canadensis

Some, but not all, are classified by botanists in the section Populus.

Species with the name "aspen"

These species are called aspens:

• Populus adenopoda – Chinese aspen (China, south of P. tremula)
• Populus davidiana – Korean aspen (Eastern Asia)
• Populus grandidentata – Bigtooth aspen (eastern North America, south of P. tremuloides)
• Populus sieboldii – Japanese aspen (Japan)
• Populus tremula – Eurasian aspen (northern Europe and Asia)
• Populus tremuloides – Quaking aspen or trembling aspen (northern and western North America)

Some types of aspens

American aspen

Populus tremuloides is the American aspen. It is common in temperate and colder regions of North America.

It forms large stands (groups) of genetically identical trees (clones) connected by a single underground root system. These trees form through root sprouts coming off an original parent tree. The largest known fully connected aspen is a grove in Utah nicknamed 'Pando', and some experts call it the largest organism in the world, by mass or volume. It covers 0.43 km² (106 acres) and is estimated to weigh 6,600 short tons (6,000 t).

European aspen

Populus tremula is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from the British Isles east to Kamchatka, north to inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia and northern Russia, and south to central Spain, Turkey, the Tian Shan mountain system, North Korea, and northern Japan. It also occurs at one site in northwest Africa in Algeria. In the south of its range, it occurs at high altitudes in mountains.

It is a hardy species which tolerates long, cold winters and short summers. Aspen is dioecious, so individual trees are either male or female (in contrast to most trees, where male and female flowers occur on the same tree). Trees flower in March and April, before the leaves appear, with both the male and female trees producing catkins. Pollinated female catkins ripen in early summer and release tiny seeds which are tufted with hairs.

Like other aspens, its main method of reproduction is vegetative (asexual). It spreads extensively by root sprouts, which may be produced up to 40 metres from the parent tree. They form extensive clonal colonies. Large numbers of new shoots can be produced in this way, especially after a major disturbance such as fire.

Other websites

• Bioimages: Populus grandidentata bigtooth aspen