Qajar-Wahhabi War
Qajar-Wahhabi War or Fath Ali Shah's Campaign Against The Wahhabis (Persian: جنگ قاجار - وهابی ها). The war was between the Qajars and Omanis against the Wahhabis around 1812-1814.
| Qajar-Saudi War (1812-1814) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Wahhabi War | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Qajar Iran Omani Empire |
 Emirate of Diriyah | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Fath-Ali Shah Qajar Hussein Ali Mirza Saif ibn Malik Sadik Khan Davallu Qajar Muhammad ibn Saif Said bin Sultan |
Saud ibn Abdulaziz Mutlaq bin Muhammad Al-Mutairi | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| ~5.000 | Unknown | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| ~3.000 | Unknown | ||||||||
Background
changeIn 1802, when the Wahhabis sacked Karbala, a large number of Shiites were massacred and the shrine of Imam Husayn being greatly damaged which angered many Muslims. After becoming the ruler of Oman, Said bin Sultan, at the suggestion of Dr Morisi, sought help from the Qajars. After long negotiations with Fath Ali Shah, he was able to persuade him to fight against the Wahhabis.
Qajar campaign into Arabia
changeFath Ali Shah ordered a large force of three thousand warriors to be assembled under the leadership of Saadi Khan. This force marched towards Barka and both sides agreed that Said bin Sultan would take command of the combined forces. Realising the threat posed by the collaboration between Said bin Sultan and the Qajar Shah, Saud bin Abdul Aziz sent an envoy to the Shah to establish friendly relations and prevent the expected expedition. Nevertheless, the Shah sided with Said bin Sultan and instructed Commander Saadi Khan to accompany Said bin Sultan on his return with three thousand Iranian cavalry. This force eventually reached Barka, and in early 1812. Said bin Sultan successfully retook the forts of Nakhal. Sheikh Muhammad bin Nasser al-Jabri went to al-Buraymi for help but found that Mutlaq al-Mutairi had already left. He pursued Mutlaq and urged him to join forces against the Iran-Umman coalition. Mutlaq rallied various tribes, including the Beni Bu Ali tribe from Oman. Meanwhile, Salem bin Sultan's forces and the Qajars, led by Saadi Khan, gathered in Izki. The battle was fought near Izki and the Qajar-Uman alliance was defeated.[1][2] For the forces of Mutlaq al-Mutairi entered the village of Bani Rawaha in Wadi Samail. Samail Fortress was captured by the Wahhabis. Muttrah was looted and the Sultan of Oman was forced to pay annual tribute to the Imam of Diryah.[3][4] Although the Saudis won the battle of Izki, the Qajars were able to retake it later.[5] At the request of the Omanis, the Qajars arrived in Muscat and Bahrain, which were under Wahhabi siege, and defeated the Wahhabis.[6] [7] Qajars consistently supported the defence of Oman against Wahhabi attacks. They maintained strategic control over key points such as Muscat and Bahrain. It was also of great importance to the Qajars as it helped them maintain their influence over the Persian Gulf. In 1818, the Ottoman siege and capture of Diriyah dealt a major blow to the Wahhabis and led to a major political setback.[8][9][10][11][12]
Aftermath
changeSee Also
change• Wahhabi Attacks on Najaf (1802-1805)
• Wahhabi Attack on Najaf (1806)
• Wahhabi
Sources
change- ↑ إمارات الساحل وعُمان والدولة السعودية الأولى 1793-1818. ج. 1. محمد مرسي عبدالله.
- ↑ "الغزو الفارسي للخليج العربي" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2024-07-24. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ معجم أمراء وحكام الجزيرة العربية. ص. 330. محمد بن دخيل العصيمي.
- ↑ إمارات الساحل وعُمان والدولة السعودية الأولى ص 219.
- ↑ "Kaçar-Vahhabi savaşları".
- ↑ History of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, summary, pages 123-129.
- ↑ Naskh al-Tawarikh Qajar, volume 1, page 206.
- ↑ A History of the Modern Middle East, Westview Press. Cleveland, William L. 2016.
- ↑ The Cambridge History of Islam, Cambridge University Press. P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis (eds.). 1970.
- ↑ The Persian Gulf in History, Palgrave Macmillan. Brown, David. 2009.
- ↑ The Rise of the Wahhabi Movement and its Impact on the Arabian Peninsula, Routledge. Abdullah, K. 2015.
- ↑ Wahhabism: A Critical Essay, Columbia University Press. Mikaberidze, Alexander. 2005.