Rwandan genocide denial means saying that the 1994 Rwandan genocide did not happen.[1] Since the genocide ended, there have been people around the world, from across the political spectrum, who have denied that it happened.[1]
During the Rwandan genocide, around 800,000 Rwandans (mostly members of the Tutsis) were slaughtered within 100 days.[2][3] The murderers were extremist members of the Hutu ethnic group (abahutu). The Hutu perpetrators also killed other Hutus whose beliefs were less extreme than theirs.[2][3]
Timeline
changeTwo notable deniers were David Peterson and American economist Edward S. Herman (1925 – 2017).[1] In their 2010 and 2014 books, they accused the Western media of "selling" the Rwandan genocide as a genocide in order to promote the "economic and intellectual agendas of the U.S.".[1] However, Western media did not pay much attention to the Rwandan genocide.[4]
Edward S. Herman published several books arguing that the Rwandan genocide should not be called a genocide. He also questioned the confirmed death toll of the Cambodian genocide[5] and Bosnian genocide,[6][7] which drew criticism.[6][7]
2020s
changeIn December 2024, French-Cameroonian writer Charles Onana was convicted of downplaying the Rwandan genocide.[8] He was ordered to pay €8,400, while his publisher had to pay €5,000, because French laws ban the denial of any genocide recognized by the French government.[8]
Related pages
changeReferences
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
- Monbiot, George (June 13, 2011). "Left and libertarian right cohabit in the weird world of the genocide belittlers". The Guardian. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
- Caplan, Gerald (2017). "Manufacturing Controversy: Left-Wing Denial of the Rwandan Genocide". Controversies in the Field of Genocide Studies (1 ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9781351295000. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
- Jones, Adam (2019). "Denying Rwanda: Why Do Leading Leftists Deny the Rwandan Genocide of 1994?". The Scourge of Genocide: Essays and Reflections. University of British Columbia – Okanagan: Routledge. pp. 346–359. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- Melvern, Linda (2020). Intent to Deceive: Denying the Genocide of the Tutsi. ISBN 9781788733281. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
- Hintjens, Helen M.; van Oijen, Jos (March 30, 2020). "Elementary Forms of Collective Denial: The 1994 Rwanda Genocide". Genocide Studies International. 13 (2). doi:10.3138/gsi.13.2.02. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 *Melvern, Linda (2001). "Missing the story: The media and the Rwandan genocide". Contemporary Security Policy. 22 (3): 91–106. doi:10.1080/135232605123313911248. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
Published online: 06 Sep 2010
- Uvin, Peter (May 30, 2003). "Reading the Rwandan Genocide". International Studies Review. 3 (3): 75–99. doi:10.1111/1521-9488.00245. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- Straus, Scott (August 7, 2006). "How many perpetrators were there in the Rwandan genocide? An estimate". Journal of Genocide Research. 6 (1): 85–98. doi:10.1080/1462352042000194728. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- Stanton, Gregory H. (2004). "Could the Rwandan genocide have been prevented?". Journal of Genocide Research. 6 (2): 211–228. doi:10.1080/1462352042000225958. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
Published online: 22 Jan 2007
- Yanagizawa-Drott, David (November 21, 2014). "Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 129 (4): 1947–1994. doi:10.1093/qje/qju020. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 *"Rwanda". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM). Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- "Rwanda genocide: 100 days of slaughter". BBC News. April 4, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- "More than half a million people killed in 100 days: how the 1994 Rwanda genocide unfolded". The Guardian. February 25, 2024. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- "Rwanda 30 years on: understanding the horror of genocide". Nature. April 9, 2024. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- "Rwanda genocide of 1994 | Summary, History, Date, Deaths, & Facts". Britannica. October 25, 2024. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ Kuperman, Alan J (2000). "How the Media Missed Rwandan Genocide". International Press Institute (1). Retrieved December 18, 2024.
Western media [...] failed to report that a nationwide killing campaign was under way in Rwanda until almost three weeks into the violence [. ...] some 250,000 Tutsi had already been massacred.
- ↑
- "Chomsky and the Khmer Rouge". The New York Times. 1988. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
- Smith, Harrison (November 16, 2017). "Edward S. Herman, media critic who co-wrote 'Manufacturing Consent,' dies at 92". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
Dr. Herman was championed by many on the left [...] but his writings on genocides in Cambodia, Bosnia and Rwanda were criticized for seeming to sympathize with repressive regimes, and for belittling the testimonies of survivors.
- Blackwell, Matthew (July 15, 2018). "Devastation and Denial: Cambodia and the Academic Left". Quillette. Retrieved December 18, 2024.
Amazingly, even as Cambodia disintegrated, the Khmer Rouge benefitted from unsolicited apologetics from intellectuals at the West's august universities.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1
- Jason Schulman (2003). "The Nato-Serbia War and the Left". Science & Society. 67 (2): 223–225. JSTOR 40404074. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- Marko Attila Hoare (December 2003). "Nothing Is Left". Bosnia Institut UK. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
- Marko Attila Hoare (23 July 2005). "The 'Anti-War' Link". www.helsinki.org.rs. Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- George Monbiot (13 June 2011). "Naming the Genocide Deniers". monbiot.com. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- Oz Katerji (24 November 2017). "The West's leftist 'intellectuals' who traffic in genocide denial, from Srebrenica to Syria | Opinion". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1
- "Ratko Mladic, Srebrenica and lessons for the left". Workers’ Liberty. June 1, 2011. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- Bloodworth, James (May 18, 2012). "It's Time the Left Apologised for Its Denial of the Srebrenica Massacre". Huffington Post (HuffPost). Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- Werleman, CJ (March 29, 2021). "Why Does the Anti-Imperial Left So Often End Up Denying Genocide?". Byline Times. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- Ayoub, Elia J. (May 25, 2022). "On Ukraine-Syria solidarity and the 'anti-imperialism of idiots'". Shado Magazine. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- Mulaj, Jeta (2023). "Kosova: A Note from the Wreckage of Anti-Imperialism". Continental Thought and Theory. University of Canterbury. doi:10.26021/14429. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1
- "French court finds author guilty of downplaying Rwandan genocide". BBC News. December 10, 2024. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
- "French court convicts writer, publisher for denying Rwandan Genocide". The Eastleigh Voice. December 11, 2024. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
- Volokh, Eugene (December 11, 2024). "French Court Finds Writer "Guilty of Denying the 1994 Rwandan Genocide"". Reason Magazine. Retrieved December 19, 2024.
