Samudragupta
[1]Samudragupta (Gupta script: 
Sa-mu-dra-gu-pta, r. c. (350-375 CE) was a ruler of the Gupta Empire of Ancient India. He was a son of the emperor Chandragupta I and the Licchavi princess Kumaradevi. He greatly expanded his dynasty's political power.
The Allahabad Pillar inscription, a prashasti (eulogy) was written by his courtier Harishena. It told of his many military conquests. It suggests that he defeated several kings of northern India. Also, that he added their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India. He advanced to move as far as the Pallava kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies.
Samudragupta performed the Ashvamedha sacrifice to prove his imperial sovereignty. According to his coins, he remained undefeated. His gold coins and inscriptions suggest that he was an accomplished poet. He also played music. His expansionist policy was continued by his son Chandragupta II. The primary source for the military campaigns of Samudragupta is the Allahabad Pillar Inscription, which was inscribed during his reign and provides a general overview of his military conquests. Other historical sources, such as the Puranas and the works of Chinese and Greek historians, also provide some information about Samudragupta's reign, but do not provide a comprehensive list of all his military campaigns.
Now list for very minor camapaigns . It is not possible to provide an exhaustive list of all the battles, skirmishes, and campaigns fought by Samudragupta, as not all of them may be documented in historical records. However, here are some of the minor ones:
Ashmaka campaign
Kataka campaign
Maharashtrian campaign
Kosala campaign
Kalinga campaign
Davaka campaign
Nishada campaign
Keralaputra campaign
Mahendra mountain campaign
Avanti campaign
Surashtra campaign
Vanga campaign
Pundra campaign
Tamralipta campaign
Nepal campaign
Kamarupa campaign
Hunas campaign
Parvata campaign
Kira campaign
Vakataka campaign
Abhira campaign
Malava campaign
Gurjara campaign
Kshudraka campaign
Sakala campaign
Vatsa campaign
Bhoja campaign
Matsya campaign
Saurashtra campaign
Karttika campaign
Kirat campaign
Khasa campaign
Mekala campaign
Vanavasi campaign
Kanchi campaign
Kuntala campaign
Dravida campaign
Pandya campaign
Western Kshatrapa campaign
Andhra campaign
Trigarta campaign
Kaliṅga border campaign
Western Kalinga campaign
Magadha campaign
Jiradharini campaign
Yaudheya campaign
Arjunayana campaign
Ashwamedha campaign
Kosambi campaign
Panchala campaign
Mallas campaign
Madra campaign
Kuru campaign
Kekeya campaign
Utsava campaign
Malwa campaign
Shaka campaign
Saka campaign
Udumbara campaign
Bhairavapura campaign
Pragjyotisha campaign
Pundra-Vardhana campaign
Kambhoja campaign
Kirman campaign
Tuhara campaign
Kamboja campaign
Rishika campaign
Sibi campaign
Suvira campaign
Kuru-Panchala campaign
Kashmira campaign
Nepal campaign
Rishikulya campaign
Sindhu-Sauvira campaign
Shalva campaign
Andhaka campaign
Vaijayanti campaign
Kanchi campaign
Karavira campaign
Kodumba campaign
Kalinga campaign
Andhraka campaign
Mekala campaign
Vatapi campaign
Cheras campaign
Gauda campaign
Magadha campaign
Koshala campaign
Panchala campaign
Vatsa campaign
Dandabhukti campaign
Vanga campaign
Pundra campaign
Tamralipta campaign
Kamarupa campaign
Nepal campaign
Kirata campaign
Mahakantara campaign
Mlechchha campaign
Huna campaign
These are 100minor campaigns
And
MAJOR BATTLES OF SAMUDRAGUPTA:
Campaign against the Nagas of Padmavati
Campaign against the Kuru kingdom
Campaign against the Malavas
Campaign against the Yaudheyas
Campaign against the Arjunayanas
Campaign against the Madras
Campaign against the Abhiras
Campaign against the Kanchis
Campaign against the Pandyas
Campaign against the Cholas
Campaign against the Kalachuris
Campaign against the Kamarupa kingdom
Campaign against the Hunas.
Often these are considered as battles where samudragupta was never defeated however there may be battles excluding these where he may have lost and we don't know the Source for this yet.
Extent of the empire change
Samudragupta's empire included a core territory in northern India. It was directly controlled by the emperor. Besides, it included some monarchical and tribal tributary states.[2] Historian R. C. Majumdar theorizes that Samudragupta directly controlled an area extending from the Ravi River (Punjab) in the west to the Brahmaputra River (Bengal and Assam) in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the Vindhya hills in the south. The south-western boundary of his territory roughly followed a line drawn from present-day Karnal to Bhilsa.[3]
In the south, Samudragupta's empire definitely included Eran in present-day Madhya Pradesh. On there, his inscription has been found.[4] The Allahabad Pillar inscription suggests that he reached early up to Kanchipuram in the south.[5] However, since the claims in the Allahabad Pillar inscription are from a royal eulogy, they must be treated with danger.[6]
Personality change
Samudragupta's coins show him as a tall, strong man.[7] The Allahabad Pillar inscription presents him as a compassionate ruler. It was stated that his "mind was engaged in providing relief to the low, the poor, the helpless, and the afflicted".[8] It also stated that he reinstated many royal families which had lost their kingdoms, including the kings defeated by him.[9] At the same time, it states that he maintained strict administration ("Prachanda shasana").[10]
The inscription states that Samudragupta became famous among the learned people because of his poetical works. He earned the epithet "king of poets".[9] This suggests that he composed some poetical works. But none of these works now survive.[9]
The inscription also says that Samudragupta embarrassed the celestial musician Tumburu and Narada by his lovely performances of music. [10] Samudragupta's musical talents are also corroborated by his gold coins which depict him playing a veena. [9]
The inscription praises Samudragupta's wisdom and intellect.[9] It was stated that he was smarter than the preceptor of the Lord of the Gods (that is, Brihaspati).[10]
References change
- ↑ Harrington, John W.; Bora, Samudragupta (2018), "Autism Spectrum Disorder", Integrative Medicine, Elsevier, pp. 64–73.e4, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00008-6, ISBN 978-0-323-35868-2, retrieved 2023-03-23
- ↑ R. C. Majumdar 1981, p. 22.
- ↑ R. C. Majumdar 1981, p. 23, 27.
- ↑ R. C. Majumdar 1981, p. 23.
- ↑ Ashvini Agrawal 1989, p. 112.
- ↑ K. Chakrabarti 1996, p. 185.
- ↑ Tej Ram Sharma 1989, p. 95.
- ↑ Tej Ram Sharma 1989, p. 91, 94.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 R. C. Majumdar 1981, p. 31.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Tej Ram Sharma 1989, p. 94.
Bibliography change
- Ajay Mitra Shastri (1995). Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0637-5.
- Ashvini Agrawal (1989). Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0592-7.
- Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1987). The Imperial Guptas and Their Times. Abhinav. ISBN 978-81-7017-222-2.
- K. Chakrabarti (1996). "Origin and political history of the Guptas". In Ahmad Hasan Dani; B. A. Litvinsky (eds.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0.
- Lallanji Gopal (1969). Samudragupta. National Book Trust. OCLC 583078075.
- R. C. Majumdar (1981). A Comprehensive History of India. Vol. 3, Part I: A.D. 300-985. Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. OCLC 34008529.
- Shankar Goyal (2001). Problems of Ancient Indian History: New Perspectives and Perceptions. Book Enclave. ISBN 978-81-87036-66-1.
- Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
- Tej Ram Sharma (1978). Personal and Geographical Names in the Gupta Inscriptions. Concept. p. 258. OCLC 249004782.
- Tej Ram Sharma (1989). A Political History of the Imperial Guptas: From Gupta to Skandagupta. Concept. ISBN 978-81-7022-251-4.
- Upinder Singh (2017). Political Violence in Ancient India. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-98128-7.