Wikipedia

User:MdWikiBot/Methamphetamine

< User:MdWikiBot

This article is about the stimulant drug. "Meth" and "crystal meth" redirect here. For other uses, see Meth (disambiguation).
"Hiropon" redirects here. For the sculpture by Takashi Murakami, see Hiropon (sculpture).
MdWikiBot/Methamphetamine
An image of the methamphetamine compound
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmiːn/
Trade namesDesoxyn, Methedrine, others
SynonymsN-methylamphetamine, N,α-dimethylphenethylamine, desoxyephedrine
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
Dependence
liability		Physical: None; Psychological: High
Addiction
liability		High
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classAmphetamine
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
BioavailabilityBy mouth: 70%[2]
IV: 100%[2]
Protein bindingVaries widely[3]
MetabolismCYP2D6[1] and FMO3
Onset of actionRapid[4]
Elimination half-life5–30 hours
Duration of action10–20 hours[4]
ExcretionPrimarily kidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H15N
Molar mass149.24 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
Melting point170 °C (338 °F) [5]
Boiling point212 °C (414 °F) at 760 mmHg[5]
  • CNC(C)Cc1ccccc1
  • InChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Methamphetamine[note 1] is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity.[11][6] Use for obesity is no longer recommended.[7] When taken by mouth effects begin within 30 minutes and may last for up to 24 hours.[7][6]

Common side effects include high blood pressure, palpitations, elevate mood, trouble sleeping, tremor, diarrhea, and sexual dysfunction.[7] Other side effects may include psychosis, mania, seizures, high body temperature, and tics.[7][12] There is a high risk abuse; though deaths directly from use is rare.[7][6] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby and breastfeeding following using is not recommended.[7][13] It is in the amphetamine family of medication.[7]

Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and first manufactured in 1919.[14][6] It is most commonly made in illegal facilities in the United States and Far East.[6] Recreationally it may be swallowed, snorted, injected, or smoked.[6] It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance.[6] The production, distribution, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries.[15] In Europe it costs about 17 to 64 Euro per gram for an illegal supply as of 2018.[16] About 27 million people used amphetamines, most methamphetamine, in 2019.[17]

References

change
  1. ↑ Sellers EM, Tyndale RF (2000). "Mimicking gene defects to treat drug dependence". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 909 (1): 233–246. Bibcode:2000NYASA.909..233S. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06685.x. PMID 10911933. S2CID 27787938. Methamphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant drug, is p-hydroxylated by CYP2D6 to less active p-OH-methamphetamine.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rau T, Ziemniak J, Poulsen D (2015). "The neuroprotective potential of low-dose methamphetamine in preclinical models of stroke and traumatic brain injury". Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry. 64: 231–6. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.013. PMID 25724762. In humans, the oral bioavailability of methamphetamine is approximately 70% but increases to 100% following intravenous (IV) delivery (Ares-Santos et al., 2013).
  3. ↑ "Toxicity". Methamphetamine. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 2015-01-04. Retrieved 2021-10-25. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7637-4462-5. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Chemical and Physical Properties". Methamphetamine. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 2015-01-04. Retrieved 2021-10-25. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 "Methamphetamine". Drug profiles. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). 8 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2018. The term metamfetamine (the International Non-Proprietary Name: INN) strictly relates to the specific enantiomer (S)-N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 "Methamphetamine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  8. ↑ "Interpreting Urine Drug Tests (UDT)". Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Identification". Methamphetamine. University of Alberta. 8 February 2013. Archived from the original on 28 December 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2021. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |work= ignored (help)
  10. ↑ "Methedrine (methamphetamine hydrochloride): Uses, Symptoms, Signs and Addiction Treatment". Addictionlibrary.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  11. ↑ Yu S, Zhu L, Shen Q, Bai X, Di X (March 2015). "Recent advances in methamphetamine neurotoxicity mechanisms and its molecular pathophysiology". Behav. Neurol. 2015: 103969. doi:10.1155/2015/103969. PMC 4377385. PMID 25861156. In 1971, METH was restricted by US law, although oral METH (Ovation Pharmaceuticals) continues to be used today in the USA as a second-line treatment for a number of medical conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and refractory obesity.
  12. ↑ "Methamphetamine" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  13. ↑ "Methamphetamine". Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US). 2006. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  14. ↑ Mack, Avram H.; Brady, Kathleen T.; Frances, Richard J.; Miller, Sheldon I. (12 May 2016). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders, Fourth Edition. Guilford Publications. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-4625-2169-2. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  15. ↑ Lilley, Linda Lane; Collins, Shelly Rainforth; Snyder, Julie S. (20 January 2017). Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-77172-022-9. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  16. ↑ "Infographic: amphetamine, methamphetamine, seizures, price, purity in the EU, 2018 | www.emcdda.europa.eu". www.emcdda.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  17. ↑ World Drug Report 2021 (PDF). United Nations. 2021. ISBN 9789211483611. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.


Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MdWikiBot/Methamphetamine&oldid=9723296"