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Depression (Illness) change
Feeling sad, blue, or unhappy for periods of time. Affects daily life activities. [1].
Depression was also known as Melancholia; which means deep sadness. The meaning of depression has changed many times throughout the years.[2]
History of Depression change
In early Before Christ (B.C) times, a lot of sicknesses were described as demonic control. Romans believed it was caused by demons and the anger of Gods. In the 5th Century B.C. the Greek historian Herodotus wrote about a King who went crazy because of evil spirits. Demonic control (depression)was treated with exorcisms where the victim would suffer from not eating, beatings, drowning and burning. As time passed, depression was seen as a spiritual illness and not a physical one. [2]
Early Roman and Greek doctors saw gymnastics, diets, music, and baths as solutions for depression.
Hippocrates, a Greek physician, saw depression as a cause of imbalanced of body fluids. He believed depression was caused by too much black bile in the spleen. To treat depression, he used a special healing technique that removed blood from the body. [3] Other techniques he used were baths, exercise and diets.
Cicero, a Roman philosopher, compared depression to rage, fears and grief. This was a mental explanation rather than a physical one, unlike Hippocrates theory.
In the 17th century, researcher Robert Burton believed depression was a cause of psychological and social issues such as having little or no money, being alone, and fear. For that reason, he believed it could be solved by eating healthy, enough sleeping,exercise, traveling, distractions, listening to music and changes in thinking. [4].
In the 18th century, German doctor Johann Christian Heinroth argued depression was caused by moral disagreement in a person, making them feel uncomfortable. In 1895, German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin identified depression to have a connection with schizophrenia. During this time period, depression was identified to be a hereditary fixed weakness of personality. A simple solution for those identified with depression was to be ignored or locked up in a mental prison.
In the 19th century doctors were sure depression was a form of brain disorder or physical sickness. Sigmund Freud saw a person who was always angry a perfect victim to suffer from depression. Freud saw this as the anger inside of a person because of a loss related to death or not being able to succeed. Freud used the psychoanalysis treatment to help cure or reduce depression. Psychoanalysis was a method used by doctors that involved simple conversation with patients in order to reach the cause of the problem. He used this treatment with victims who suffered from negative behavior or suicidal thoughts.[5]
Depression Today change
Types of Depression change
- Major Depression Disorder- Lasts more than two weeks. Person does not eat, sleep, work, study or enjoy good times. [6]
- Dysthymia- The same symptoms as Major depression. Lasts for two years or more. [7]
- Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood- New event in a the life of a person that causes a lot of stress. Event can be good or bad. [7]
- Seasonal Affective Disorder- People suffering from depression on specific time of year, usually winter. [7]
- Postpartum Depression- Can happen after women have a baby. Hormonal change causes it. [7]
- Depression with Psychosis- Very serious and not common. People have delusions or hallucinations. [7]
Signs/Symptoms change
Feeling sad, empty, bored, helpless, loss of appetite, no desire for sex, overeating/not eating, oversleeping/not sleeping, thoughts of suicide.
Causes of depression change
Chemicals in the Body -Serotonin and Norepinephrine are chemicals in the brain. Abnormalities with these chemicals can give symptoms of depression, anxiety, and tiredness.
Genetics- Depression can go down generations of families.
Personality -Depression is common in people with low self-esteem, negative, and who cannot handle stress well.
The environment- Depression also happens when people are exposed to violence, abuse, poverty.
Treatments change
- Psychotherapy- Talking to a therapist.
- Medicine- Depending on type of depression. Antidepressants are prescribed for patients who may have imbalance of chemicals in the brain.
- Electroconvulsive Therapy- Electronic shocks to the body. Releases chemicals in the brain that help communication of nerves. [8]
Statistics change
- Depression can happen to 1 in 10 adults each year. It affects about 17.5 million Americans each year. [9].
- It happens more to women than men. [10]
- Also more frequent in blacks, Hispanics, other races or from multiple races. [10]
- Can begin at any age. Most common on persons 45-65 years of age. [10]
- Those divorced or from divorced families. [10]
- Unemployed. [10]
Bold text
References change
- ↑ Coleman, Lee H. "Depression. A Guide for The Newly Diagnosed". 2012
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Depression: Major depression & Unipolar Varieties".
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|accesdate=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ↑ "Historical Understanding of Depression". Retrieved 2013-11-05.
- ↑ Knaus, William J. "The Cognitive Behavioral Workbook for Depression". 2nd ed. 2012
- ↑ "Psychoanalysis". Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- ↑ "Types of Depression: Major, Chronic, Manic, and More Types". Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Psych Central.Types of Depression".
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|accesdate=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - ↑ "How Electroconvulsive Therapy Works with Depression". Retrieved 2013-11-16.
- ↑ Essential Guide to Depression. New York: Pocket, 1998
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 "CDC Data & Statistics". Retrieved 2013-10-28.