Wikipedia

Voiceless bilabial nasal

consonantal sound

The voiceless bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is a rare sound. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨m̥⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m_0⟩. The English language does not have the sound.

Voiceless alveolar trill
m̥
Audio sample
Encoding
X-SAMPAm_0

Features

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Features of the voiceless alveolar trill:

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is bilabial. This means that this sound is produced with both lips.
  • It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

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Language Word IPA Meaning
Burmese[1] မှာ/hma: [m̥à] 'notice'
Central Alaskan Yup'ik[2] pisteḿun [ˈpistəm̥un] 'to the servant'
Estonian[3] lehm [ˈlehm̥] 'cow'
French prisme [pχis̪m̥] 'prism'
Hmong Hmoob [m̥ɔ̃́] 'Hmong'
Icelandic hampur [ˈham̥pʏr] 'hemp'
Jalapa Mazatec[4] hma [m̥a] 'black'
Kildin Sami[5] лēӎӎьк/ljeehmhmk [lʲeːm̥ʲːk] 'strap'
Muscogee camhcá:ka [t͡ʃəm̥t͡ʃɑːɡə] 'bell'
Ukrainian[6] ритм/ritm [rɪt̪m̥] 'rhythm'
Washo Mášdɨmmi [ˈm̥aʃdɨmmi] 'he's hiding'
Welsh[7] fy mhen [və m̥ɛn] 'my head'
Xumi Lower[8] [m̥ɛ̃˦] 'medicine'
Upper[9]
Yi Language ꂚ Hma [m̥a] 'Cuckoo Tree'

Notes

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  1. ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
  2. ↑ Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
  3. ↑ Asu & Teras (2009), p. 368.
  4. ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 107.
  5. ↑ Kuruch (1985:529)
  6. ↑ Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 6.
  7. ↑ Jones (1984:51)
  8. ↑ Chirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.
  9. ↑ Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 382–383.

References

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  • Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire (2009), "Estonian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 39 (3): 367–372, doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013), "Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 363–379, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157[permanent dead link]
  • Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013), "Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (3): 381–396, doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169[permanent dead link]
  • Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
  • Jacobson, Steven (1995), A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language, Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, ISBN 978-1-55500-050-9
  • Jones, Glyn E. (1984), "The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh", in Martin J. Ball and Glyn E. Jones (ed.), Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 40–64, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
  • Kuruch, Rimma (1985), Краткий грамматический очерк саамского языка (PDF) (in Russian), Moscow{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6


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