Al-Askari mosque
Al-`Askarī or the `Askariyya Mosque/Shrine (Arabic: مرقد الامامين علي الهادي والحسن العسكري; transliterated: Marqad al-Imāmayn `Alī l-Hādī wa l-Ħassan al-`Askarī) is a Shī`a Muslim holy site. It is in the Iraqi city of Samarra. Samara is 60 miles from Baghdad. It is one of the most important Shīite mosques in the world. It was built in 944.[1] Its dome was destroyed in February 2006 (see al-`Askarī Mosque Bombing).
The remains of the tenth and eleventh Shī`a Imāms, `Alī l-Hādī and his son Hassan al-`Askarī, known as "the two `Askarīs" (al-`Askariyyān), rest at the shrine.[2] It stands next to a shrine to the Twelfth or "Hidden" Imām, Muħammad al-Mahdī. The `Askariyya Shrine is also known as the "Tomb or Mausoleum of the Two Imāms", "the Tomb of Imāms `Alī l-Hādī and Hassan al-`Askarī" and al-Hadhratu l-`Askariyya.
Also buried inside the Mosque are the remains of Hakimah Khatun, sister of `Alī l-Hādī, and of Narjis Khatun, mother of Muħammad al-Mahdi.[3]
Time magazine reported at the time of the 2006 al-Askari mosque bombing that “al-Askari [is] one of Shi'ite Islam's holiest sites. Only the shrines of Najaf and Karbala are more important. Even Samarra's Sunnis hold al-Askari in high esteem. The expression 'to swear by the shrine' is routinely used by both communities".[4]
History
changeThe Imāms `Alī l-Hādī (also known as an-Naqī) and Hassan al-`Askarī lived under house arrest in the part of Samarra that had been Caliph al-Mu'tasim's military camp (`Askaru l-Mu'tasim). As a result, they are known as the `Askariyyān ("Dwellers in the Camp"). They died and were buried in their house on Abī Ahmad Street near the mosque built by Mu'tasim.[5] A later tradition attributes their deaths to poison.
The shrine around their tombs was built in 944 by the Hamdanid governor Nasīr ad-Dawla. It became a focus for pilgrims. It was developed and rebuilt several times in following centuries,[6] including, in particular, by Arslan al-Basasiri around 1053 and by Caliph an-Nasīr li-Dīn Allāh in 1209.
Nasir ad-Din Shah Qajar undertook the latest remodelling of the shrine in 1868, with the golden dome added in 1905. Covered in 72,000 gold pieces and surrounded by walls of light blue tiles, the dome was a dominant feature of the Samarra skyline. It was approximately 20 metres in diameter by 68 metres high.
Bombings
change
2006 attack
changeOn February 22, 2006, at 6:55 a.m. local time (0355 UTC) explosions occurred at the mosque. The explosions destroyed its golden dome and severely damaged the mosque. Several men, one wearing a military uniform, had earlier entered the mosque. They tied up the guards there and set explosives, which resulted in the blast. Two bombs were set off[7][8] by five[9] to seven[10] men dressed as personnel of the Iraqi Special forces[11] who entered the shrine during the morning.[12]
2007 attack
changeAt around 9 a.m. on 13 June 2007, suspected al-Qaeda people destroyed the two remaining 36m-high golden minarets flanking the dome's ruins. No fatalities were reported. Iraqi police have reported hearing "two nearly simultaneous explosions coming from inside the mosque compound at around 9 a.m."[13] A report from state run Iraqia Television stated that "local officials said that two mortar rounds were fired at the two minarets."[13]
References
change- ↑ Knight, Sam (2006). "Al-Askariya shrine: 'Not just a major cathedral'". TimesOnline.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ "History of the Shrine of Imam Ali al-Naqi & Imam Hasan Al-Askari, Peace Be Upon Them". Al-Islam.org. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ Shrine of Imām al-Hādī and Imām al-`Askarī Archived 2006-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (ArchNet Digital Library)
- ↑ An Eye For an Eye, Time Magazine, February 26, 2006 Archived April 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Shrine of Imām al-Hādī and Imām al-ˤAskarī Archived 2006-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (ArchNet Digital Library)
- ↑ Al-jazeera
- ↑ "Explosion destroys Shiite shrine golden dome". Ireland On-Line. Archived from the original on 2011-02-21. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ "Bombers strike Shia mausoleum in Iraq". IBN Live. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ Knickmeyer, Ellen (2006). "Bombing Shatters Mosque In Iraq". WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ "Blast destroys golden dome of Iraq's shrine". HindustanTimes.com. Archived from the original on 2011-02-21. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ Knight, Sam (2006). "Bombing of Shia shrine sparks wave of retaliation". TimesOnline.com. Archived from the original on 2008-02-10. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ "Iraqi shrine bombing spurs wave of sectarian reprisals". CBC News. Retrieved 2006-02-23.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Graham Bowley (June 13, 2007). "Minarets on Shiite Shrine in Iraq Destroyed in Attack". New York Times.