Anonymous (hacker group)
Anonymous is a decentralized group of anonymous online activists. Contrary to popular belief, they are not one organization, but rather a label used by high-profile hackers to make themselves unrecognizable to law enforcement as well as the public. They are associated with many online and offline protests. These protests commonly relate to freedom of speech. They often protest against political corruption and censorship. Anonymous also makes DDoS attacks (where an attacker disconnects his or her target from the internet, sometimes forever) on popular websites such as PayPal and the United States' Department of Justice homepage. Other common targets include organizations who seem to limit people's freedom of speech.
Anonymous is also often associated with image boards such as 4chan and protests such as the Occupy Movement.
Some people have been arrested for involvement in Anonymous cyberattacks in countries including the U.S., UK, Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, and Turkey. Views of the group's actions and usefulness vary widely. Supporters have called the group "freedom fighters"[1] and digital Robin Hoods[2] while some have judged them as "a cyber lynch-mob"[3] or "cyber terrorists".[4] In 2012, Time called Anonymous one of the "100 most influential people" of 2012 in the world.[5]
Members of anonymous are called Anons. When anons appear in public, they often wear Guy Fawkes masks. Guy Fawkes masks come from a graphic novel and film called V for Vendetta.[6] Some Anons also disguise their voice with voice changers (products that distort a user's voice) or text-to-speech programs.
Beliefs and values change
Anons regularly have conflicting opinions,[7] but mostly they are non-extremist.[8] Anonymous does not have a hierarchy or a leader. Instead, anons work together because they have similar interests.[7] Parmy Olson explains, "There was no single leader pulling the levers, but a few organizational minds that sometimes pooled together to start planning a stunt."[9]
Generally, anons fight censorship on the Internet, and they mostly target governments, organizations, and corporations who they believe to use censorship. Anons were early supporters of the global Occupy Movement and the Arab Spring.[7]
Since 2008, Anons have disagreed on whether Anonymous should focus on pranks and entertainment or serious activism.[9]
We [Anonymous] just happen to be a group of people on the Internet who need—just kind of an outlet to do as we wish, that we wouldn't be able to do in regular society. ...That's more or less the point of it. Do as you wish. ... There's a common phrase: 'we are doing it for the lulz.' — Trent Peacock. Search Engine: The Face of Anonymous, February 7, 2008.[10]
Members of Anonymous protest in legal and illegal ways. In 2012, Olson described Anonymous as a "movement" rather than a group: "anyone can be part of it. It is a crowd of people, a nebulous crowd of people, working together and doing things together for various purposes."[11] Anonymous has few rules. These rules include not sharing one's identity, not talking about the group, and not attacking media (such as news, television, and film).[9]
We are Anonymous. We are Legion. We do not forgive. We do not forget. Expect us. — Common tagline of Anonymous members.[12]
References change
- ↑ Krupnick, Matt (August 15, 2011). "Freedom fighters or vandals? No consensus on Anonymous". Oakland Tribune. MercuryNews.com. Retrieved July 10, 2013.
- ↑ Carter, Adam (March 15, 2013). "From Anonymous to shuttered websites, the evolution of online protest". CBC News. Archived from the original on May 6, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ↑ Coleman, Gabriella (April 6, 2011). "Anonymous: From the Lulz to Collective Action". Archived from the original on May 5, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
- ↑ Rawlinson, Kevin; Peachey, Paul (April 13, 2012). "Hackers step up war on security services". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
- ↑ Gellman, Barton (April 18, 2012). "The 100 Most Influential People In The World". Time. Archived from the original on August 25, 2013. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
- ↑ Waites, Rosie (2011-10-20). "The man behind the V for Vendetta mask". Retrieved 2019-06-26.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kelly, Brian (2012). "Investing in a Centralized Cybersecurity Infrastructure: Why 'Hacktivism' can and should influence cybersecurity reform" (PDF). Boston University Law Review. 92 (5): 1663–1710. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
- ↑ "The philosophy of Anonymous". Harry Halpin. p. 27. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Olson, Parmy (June 5, 2012). We Are Anonymous: Inside the Hacker World of LulzSec, Anonymous, and the Global Cyber Insurgency. Hachette Digital, Inc. ISBN 978-0-316-21353-0. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
- ↑ Brown, Jesse (February 7, 2008). "Community Organization with Digital Tools: The face of Anonymous". MediaShift Idea Lab: Reinventing Community News for the Digital Age. PBS. Archived from the original[permanent dead link] on February 11, 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2008.
- ↑ Allnut, Luke (June 8, 2012). "Parmy Olson On Anonymous: 'A Growing Phenomenon That We Don't Yet Understand'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
- ↑ Morris, Adam (April 30, 2013). "Julian Assange: The Internet threatens civilization". Salon. from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
