Arab nationalism
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Arab nationalism is a political ideology and movement that stands for unity of the Arab people. The aim of Arab nationalism is to unite the countries in the Middle East and North Africa and together form one strong Arab nation, by cooperating in the field of military and culture. The idea is also that the same language is spoken throughout the nation.[1]
The Arab nationalists also oppose the establishment of the State of Israel and Zionism. They saw this as a threat to Arab territorial integrity. And also against the Western cultural and political influences in the Middle East, which stem from former Western colonies in the Middle East. [2]
History change
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of European colonies in the Middle East and North Africa at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, The Arab nationalism gained greater prominence in the Arab world. The origins of Arab nationalism were in Greater Syria. [3] The region had a feudal structure in the Ottoman Empire. Because there was often conflict between different dynasties and the Ottoman Empire, this led to fraternization among the Arabs. An important early thinker is Sati' al-Husri. He called for all Arabs to unite together and form a nation-state. This was after the Ottoman Empire weakened.[4]
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the end of World War II, Arab nationalism became very big. The reason for this was that England and France divided the provinces of the Ottoman Empire among themselves, while there was promised on an Arab state.[1] This stirred up anger among the Arabs.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Arab nationalism reached its peak under the leadership of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. His goal was to unite the Arab world into an Arab nation state.[1][4][5] After 1967, Arab nationalism hit rock bottom. The Arab forces lost in the Six-Day War against Israel. [4] The promises of cooperation and unity against external threats had not been kept, leading to a loss in the war for the Arab states. After the loss, there were many internal divisions and state nationalism emerged, weakening Arab nationalism in the following decades.[4][1]
Arab nationalism may have declined in its political strength, it remains a strong ideology and this can be seen especially in conflicts with external threats.[1][3]
References change
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Dawisha, Adeed (2003). "Arab Nationalism In the twentieth century" (PDF).
- ↑ "Arab Nationalism: The Politics of History and Culture in the Modern Middle East". Routledge & CRC Press. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tibi, Bassam (1990), Tibi, Bassam; Farouk-Sluglett, Marion; Sluglett, Peter (eds.), "The Genesis of Arab Nationalism", Arab Nationalism: A Critical Enquiry, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 95–122, doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20802-9_6, ISBN 978-1-349-20802-9, retrieved 2024-05-10
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Shoko, Watanabe (March 2020). "Arab Nationalism and State Formation: The Maghrib Experiences" (PDF). IDE Research Bulletin.
- ↑ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Yalova (2017). "Arab Nationalism from a Historical Perspective: A Gradual Demise?".