Badwater Basin
Badwater Basin is a basin in Death Valley National Park, Death Valley, California. The water which goes into it does not flow into any ocean.
| Badwater Basin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | Death Valley California |
| Coordinates | 36°14′24″N 116°49′54″W / 36.23998°N 116.83171°W |
| Type | Endorheic basin |
| Primary inflows | Amargosa River |
| Primary outflows | Terminal (evaporation) |
| Basin countries | United States |
| Settlements | Badwater, California |
| References | U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Badwater Basin |
Badwater Basin is the lowest point in North America, at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. Mount Whitney, the highest point in the 48 states,[1] is only 76 miles west of the Basin. It is one of the lowest places in Death Valley.
Badwater Basin has a small natural pool of undrinkable water next to the road. The water comes from a spring. It is called 'Badwater' because people cannot drink the water. This is because so much salt has built up from the basin. The pool does have animals and plants living there, including pickleweed, insects, and the Badwater snail.
The pool is not actually the lowest point of the basin. The lowest point is several miles to the west; the exact point which is lowest changes over time. However, the salt flats are dangerous to travel across (in many cases being only a thin white crust over mud). Therefore, the sign states that the lowest point is at the pool, where people can see it. This is not the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere. Laguna del Carbón in Argentina is lower, at -105 meters (-344 feet).
Geography
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At Badwater Basin, big rainstorms sometimes flood the bottom of the valley. They cover the salt pan with a thin sheet of standing water. This makes new lakes, but the lakes do not last long. This is because the average 1.9 inches (48 mm) of rain that falls every year is much lower than the a 150-inch annual evaporation rate, so all the water evaporates away. This means that even a 12-foot-deep, 30-mile-long lake would dry up in a single year. While the basin is flooded, some of the salt dissolves and goes back into the basin as clean crystals when the water evaporates.[2]
Painted on the cliff above Badwater is a sign that says "Sea Level" [3] which people visiting like to look at.[4]
History
changeDuring the Holocene, when the regional climate was less dry, streams that ran from mountains in the area slowly filled Death Valley until it was 3 feet (1m) deep. Eventually, there was a 80 mi (130 km) long lake, Lake Manly.[5]
The wet times with much rain did not last. The temperature got warmer, and there was less rain. The lake began to dry up, and as the water evaporated, the lake became saltier. Eventually, only a soup of brine was left. Salts (95% table salt: NaCl) began to turn into crystals, covering the surface with a thick crust from three inches to five feet thick (1-1.7m).[2]
Pictures
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Badwater Basin elevation sign -
Repeated freeze-thaw cycle pushes salt crust into shapes that are like honeycombs and hexagons -
Salt pinnacles in Devil's Golf Course -
Tourist area flooded by Lake Badwater, Death Valley National Park, California. Spring of 2005.
References
change- ↑ the 'touching' states, without Alaska and Hawaii.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 United States Geological Survey (2004-01-13). "Badwater". Death Valley Geology Field Trip. US Department of the Interior. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
- ↑ The American Southwest, Badwater, Death Valley National Park. Accessed 2009.11.19.
- ↑ Tripadvisor, Badwater. Accessed 2009.11.19.
- ↑ Philip Stoffer (14 January 2004). "Changing Climates and Ancient Lakes" (.html). Desert Landforms and Surface Processes in the Mojave National Preserve and Vicinity. Open-File Report 2004-1007. USGS, US Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
Books
change- John McKinney: California's Desert Parks: A Day Hiker's Guide. Wilderness Press 2006, ISBN 0899973892, S. 54-55
- Don J. Easterbrook (Hrsg): Quaternary Geology of the United States. Geological Society of America 2003, ISBN 9459205046, S.63-64
Other websites
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