Wikipedia

Ghurid dynasty

late 8th-century–1215 Iranian dynasty from Ghor, modern Afghanistan

The Ghūrids, or Ghorids (Pashto; سلطنت غوريان self-designation: شنسبانی, Shansabānī), were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of pashtun origin from the Ghurid region of present-day central Afghanistan, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain although they are commonly said to have been Pashtuns.[17] The dynasty converted to Sunni Islam from Buddhism[18][15] after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. The dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186 when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore.[19]

Ghurid dynasty
786–1215
Map of Ghurid territory, before the assassination of Muhammad of Ghor.[1][2][3] In the west, Ghurid territory extended to Nishapur and Merv,[4][5] while Ghurid troops reached as far as Gorgan on the shores of the Caspian Sea.[6][7] Eastward, the Ghurids invaded as far as Bengal.[8]
Map of Ghurid territory, before the assassination of Muhammad of Ghor.[1][2][3] In the west, Ghurid territory extended to Nishapur and Merv,[4][5] while Ghurid troops reached as far as Gorgan on the shores of the Caspian Sea.[6][7] Eastward, the Ghurids invaded as far as Bengal.[8]
CapitalFirozkoh[9]
Herat[10]
Ghazni (1170s–1215)[11]
Common languagesPersian (court, literature)[12][13]
Religion
Before 1011:
Paganism[14]
From 1011:
Sunni Islam[15]
GovernmentHereditary monarchy
Diarchy (1173–1206)
Malik/Sultan 
• 8th-century
Amir Banji (first)
• 1214–1215
Zia al-Din Ali (last)
History 
• Established
786
• Disestablished
1215
Area
1200 est.[16]2,000,000 km2 (770,000 sq mi)
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Ghaznavids
Great Seljuq Empire
Chahamanas of Shakambhari
Gahadavala dynasty
Khwarazmian Empire
Khalji dynasty of Bengal
Delhi Sultanate
Qarlughids

References

change
  1. ↑ Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Oxford University Press, Digital South Asia Library. p. 147, Map "g".
  2. ↑ Eaton 2019, p. 38.
  3. ↑ Bosworth, C.E. (1 January 1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO. pp. 432–433. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
  4. ↑ Thomas 2018, p. 26, Figure I:2.
  5. ↑ Schmidt, Karl J. (2015). An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History. Routledge. p. 37, Map 16.2. ISBN 978-1-317-47681-8.
  6. ↑ History of Civilizations of Central Asia. UNESCO. 1998. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1. In 1201 Ghurid troops entered Khurasan and captured Nishapur, Merv, Sarakhs and Tus, reaching as far as Gurgan and Bistam. Kuhistan, a stronghold of the Ismailis, was plundered and all Khurasan was brought temporarily under Ghurid control
  7. ↑ Bosworth 2001b.
  8. ↑ Turkish History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections. Brill. 2020. p. 237. ISBN 978-90-04-43736-4. In 1205, Bakhtīyar Khilji sacked Nudiya, the pre-eminent city of western Bengal and established an Islamic government at Laukhnauti, the capital of the predecessor Sena dynasty. On this occasion, commemorative coins were struck in gold and silver in the name of Muhammad b. Sām
  9. ↑ Auer 2021, p. 6.
  10. ↑ Firuzkuh: the summer capital of the Ghurids Archived 6 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, by David Thomas, p. 18.
  11. ↑ The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-volume set, by Jonathan Bloom, Sheila Blair, p. 108.
  12. ↑ The Development of Persian Culture under the Early Ghaznavids, C.E. Bosworth, Iran, Vol. 6, (1968), 35;;"Like the Ghaznavids whom they supplanted, the Ghurids had their court poets, and these wrote in Persian"
  13. ↑ O'Neal 2015.
  14. ↑ Minorsky, Vladmir (1970). Ḥudūd al-'Ālam, "The Regions of the World,". Leningrad: University Press, Oxford. p. 110. ISBN 9780906094037.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 The Ghurids, K.A. Nizami, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol.4, Part 1, ed. M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth, (Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1999), 178.
  16. ↑ Bang, Peter Fibiger; Bayly, C. A.; Scheidel, Walter (2020). The Oxford World History of Empire: Volume One: The Imperial Experience. Oxford University Press. pp. 92–94. ISBN 978-0-19-977311-4.
  17. ↑ Bosworth 2001b, pp. 586–590.
  18. ↑ Satish Chandra, Medieval India:From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Part 1, (Har-Anand Publications, 2006), 22.
  19. ↑ Kingdoms of South Asia – Afghanistan in Far East Kingdoms: Persia and the East


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