List of possible dwarf planets
Wikimedia list article
There are many possible dwarf planets in the Solar System. Scientists do not know how many there are exactly. They say there may be up to 200 in the Kuiper Belt.[1] They also say there may be over 10,000 beyond this.[2] The IAU has accepted six of them: Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Quaoar, as well as Ceres in the Inner Solar System. This article numbers those and other possible ones. Only Pluto and Ceres have been confirmed to be in equilibrium. Eris is more a dwarf planet because of being similar to Pluto and more massive. Haumea and Makemake were accepted as dwarf planets for the naming rules, because they were not accepted dwarf planets. The consensus among astronomers include at least Gonggong, Sedna and Orcus. The IAU has accepted Quaoar in a 2022-2023 annual report.
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List of possible dwarf planets
change| Designation | Measured mean diameter (km) |
Density (g/cm3) |
Albedo | Identified as a dwarf planet | Category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| by Emery et al.[3] |
by Grundy et al.[4] |
by Brown[5] | by Tancredi et al.[6] |
by the IAU | |||||
| N I Triton | 2707±2 | 2.06 | 0.60 to 0.95 | (likely in equilibrium)[7] | (moon of Neptune) | ||||
| 134340 Pluto | 2376±3 | 1.854±0.006 | 0.49 to 0.66 |  |
|
|
|
|
2:3 resonant |
| 136199 Eris | 2326±12 | 2.43±0.05 | 0.96 | |
|
|
|
|
SDO |
| 136108 Haumea | ≈ 1560 | ≈ 2.018 | 0.51 | |
|
|
|
(naming rules) |
resonant cubewano |
| 136472 Makemake | 1430+38 −22 |
1.9±0.2 | 0.81 | |
|
|
|
(naming rules) |
hot cubewano |
| 225088 Gonggong | 1230±50 | 1.74±0.16 | 0.14 | |
|
|
N/A | 3:10 resonant | |
| P I Charon | 1212±1 | 1.70±0.02 | 0.2 to 0.5 | (possibly in equilibrium)[8] | (moon of Pluto) | ||||
| 50000 Quaoar | 1086±4 | ≈ 1.7 | 0.11 | |
|
|
|
(2022–2023 annual report)[9] |
hot cubewano |
| 1 Ceres | 946±2 | 2.16±0.01 | 0.09 | (close to equilibrium)[10] |
|
asteroid | |||
| 90482 Orcus | 910+50 −40 |
1.4±0.2 | 0.23 |  |
|
|
|
plutino (2:3 resonant) | |
| 90377 Sedna | 906+314 −258 |
? | 0.41 | |
|
|
|
detached | |
| 120347 Salacia | 846±21 | 1.5±0.12 | 0.04 |  |
|
|
|
hot cubewano | |
| (307261) 2002 MS4 | 796±24 | ? | 0.10 | |
? |
|
N/A | hot cubewano | |
| (55565) 2002 AW197 | 768±39 | ? | 0.11 | |
? |
"highly likely" | |
hot cubewano | |
| 174567 Varda | 749±18 | 1.78±0.06? or 1.23±0.04? |
0.10 | |
|
"highly likely" | |
4:7 resonant | |
| (532037) 2013 FY27 | 742+78 −83 |
? | 0.17 | |
? |
"highly likely" | N/A | SDO | |
| (208996) 2003 AZ84 | 723 or 772±12 | 0.76 | 0.10 | |
|
"highly likely" | |
plutino (2:3 resonant) | |
| 28978 Ixion | 710±0.2 | ? | 0.10 | |
? |
"highly likely" | |
plutino (2:3 resonant) | |
| (145452) 2005 RN43 | 679+55 −73 |
? | 0.107+0.029 −0.018 |
|
? |
"highly likely" | |
hot cubewano | |
| (55637) 2002 UX25 | 665±29 or 659±38 | 0.82±0.11 | 0.107+0.005 −0.008 or 0.1±0.01 |
|
|
"highly likely" | N/A | hot cubewano | |
| 2018 VG18 | 656 or 500 | ? | 0.12 | |
? |
"highly likely" | N/A | SDO | |
| 20000 Varuna | 654+154 −102 or 668+154 −86 |
? | 0.127+0.04 −0.042 |
|
? |
"highly likely" | |
hot cubewano | |
| 229762 G!kún‖’hòmdímà | 642±28 or 638+24 −12 |
1.04±0.17 | 0.142±0.015 | |
|
"highly likely" | N/A | SDO | |
| 2014 UZ224 | 635+65 −72 |
? | 0.131+0.038 −0.028 |
|
? |
"highly likely" | N/A | SDO | |
| 19521 Chaos | 612 or 600+140 −130 |
? | 0.050+0.030 −0.016 |
|
? |
"highly likely" | N/A | hot cubewano | |
| 2012 VP113 | 574? | ? | 0.09 assumed | |
? |
"likely" | N/A | detached | |
| (528381) 2008 ST291 | 549 or 584 | ? | 0.09 assumed | |
? |
"likely" | N/A | 1:6 resonant SDO | |
| (523794) 2015 RR245 | ≈500 | ? | 0.11 assumed | |
? |
"highly likely" | N/A | (claimed without citation by AGU)[11] |
SDO |
| 10 Hygiea | 426±34 | 0.5 | 0.53 | |
|
"possibly" | ? |
|
asteroid |
| 38628 Huya | 411±7.3 | 0.8 | 0.081 | |
|
"probably" | |
plutino (2:3 resonant) | |
| (15874) 1996 TL66 | 339±20 or 575±115 | ? | 0.110+0.021 −0.015 |
|
|
"possibly" | |
SDO | |
| (15789) 1993 SC | 333±60 | 0.5 | 0.051 | |
|
"possibly" | N/A | plutino (2:3 resonant) | |
| 10199 Chariklo | 302±5 | 0.3 | 0.35 | |
|
"possibly" | N/A | centaur | |
| 47171 Lempo | 272±4.0 | 0.5 | 0.051 | |
|
"possibly" | N/A | plutino (2:3 resonant) | |
| 2060 Chiron | 272±5 | 0.2 | 0.25 | |
|
"possibly" | N/A | centaur / comet | |
| 184314 Mbabamwanawaresa | 270±4.0 | 0.5 | 0.051 | |
|
"possibly" | N/A | plutino (2:3 resonant) | |
| 79360 Sila-Nunam | 250±4 | 0.4 | 0.43 | |
|
"possibly" | |
SDO | |
| 148780 Altjira | 246±5 | 0.6 | 0.64 | |
|
"possibly" | |
cubewano | |
| 65489 Ceto | 223±5 | 0.4 | 0.44 | |
|
"possibly" | |
SDO | |
| 474640 Alicanto | 188±5 | 0.5 | 0.55 | |
|
"possibly" | ? |
detached | |
References
change- ↑ Brown, Mike. "The Dwarf Planets". Retrieved 20 January 2008.
- ↑ Stern, Alan (24 August 2012). "The Kuiper Belt at 20: Paradigm Changes in Our Knowledge of the Solar System". Applied Physics Laboratory. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
- ↑ J.P. Emery, I. Wong, R. Brunetto, J.C. Cook, N. Pinilla-Alonso, J.A. Stansberry, B.J. Holler, W.M. Grundy, S. Protopapa, A.C. Souza-Feliciano, E. Fernández-Valenzuela, J.I. Lunine, D.C. Hines (29 February 2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar from JWST Spectroscopy". Retrieved 4 May 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Grundy, W.M.; Noll, K.S.; Buie, M.W.; Benecchi, S.D.; Ragozzine, D.; Roe, H.G. (December 2019). "The mutual orbit, mass, and density of transneptunian binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà ((229762) 2007 UK126)" (PDF). Icarus. 334: 30–38. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.037. S2CID 126574999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-04-07.
- ↑ Grundy, W.M.; Noll, K.S.; Roe, H.G.; Buie, M.W.; Porter, S.B.; Parker, A.H.; et al. (December 2019). "Mutual orbit orientations of transneptunian binaries" (PDF). Icarus. 334: 62–78. Bibcode:2019Icar..334...62G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.035. S2CID 133585837. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2019.
- ↑ Tancredi, G. (2010). "Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids)". Icy Bodies of the Solar System: Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 263, 2009. 263: 173–185. Bibcode:2010IAUS..263..173T. doi:10.1017/S1743921310001717.
- ↑ Thomas, P.C. (December 2000). "The Shape of Triton from Limb Profiles". Icarus. 148 (2): 587–588. Bibcode:2000Icar..148..587T. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6511.
- ↑ Kholshevnikovab, K.V.; Borukhaa, M.A.; Eskina, B.B.; Mikryukov, D.V. (23 October 2019). "On the asphericity of the figures of Pluto and Charon". Icarus. 181: 104777. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2019.104777. S2CID 209958465.
- ↑ "Report of Division F "Planetary Systems and Astrobiology": Annual Report 2022-23" (PDF). International Astronomical Union. 2022–2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ↑ Raymond, C.; Castillo-Rogez, J.C.; Park, R.S.; Ermakov, A.; et al. (September 2018). "Dawn Data Reveal Ceres' Complex Crustal Evolution" (PDF). European Planetary Science Congress. Vol. 12.
- ↑ "Six Things Dwarf Planets Have Taught Us About the Solar System". JoAnna Wendel. American Geophysical Union. 27 January 2024.