March of the Volunteers

义勇军进行曲
	National anthem of the People's Republic of China
Lyrics	Tian Han
Music	Nie Er
Adopted	1949 (provisional); 1982 (China, officially); 1997 (Hong Kong); 1999 (Macau); 2004 (constitutional); 2017 (legalised)

The "March of the Volunteers" (Chinese: 义勇军进行曲, say: EE-yuung-JWEEN JIN-shing-chwee) is the national anthem of the People's Republic of China. The words of the song were written by a playwright named Tian Han in 1934, and the melody to his words were composed by a composer named Nie Er a year later. It was first adopted in 1949^[1] when the previous government was overthrown. It also became the national anthems of Hong Kong in 1997^[2] and Macao in 1999.^[3] In 2004, this anthem became embedded in the Chinese Constitution.^[4]

Lyrics change

Current official version change

Words of the song in Chinese	Words of the song using pinyin	Pronunciation of these words using the IPA	Words of the song in English
起来！不愿做奴隶的人们！把我们的血肉，筑成我们新的长城！中华民族到了最危险的时候，每个人被迫着发出最后的吼声。起来！起来！起来！我们万众一心，冒着敌人的炮火，前进！冒着敌人的炮火，前进！前进！前进！进！^[5]^[6]^[7]	Qǐlái! Búyuàn zuò núlì de rénmen! Bǎ wǒmen de xuèròu, zhùchéng wǒmen xīn de chángchéng! Zhōnghuá mínzú dàoliǎo zuì wēixiǎn de shíhòu. Měi ge rén bèipòzhe fāchū zuìhòu de hǒushēng. Qǐlái! Qǐlái! Qǐlái! Wǒmen wànzhòngyìxīn, Màozhe dírén de pàohuǒ, qiánjìn! Màozhe dírén de pàohuǒ, qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Jìn!	[tɕʰì.lǎɪ̯ ‖ pǔ.ʏ̯ɛ̂n tswô̞ nǔ.lî tɤ ɻə̌n.mən ‖] [pà̠ wò̞.mən tɤ ɕʏ̯ø̞̂.ɻô̞ʊ̯ ǀ ʈʂû.ʈʂʰɤ̞̌ŋ wò̞.mən ɕín tɤ ʈʂʰɑ̌ŋ.ʈʂʰɤ̞̌ŋ ‖] [ʈʂʊ́ŋ.xwǎ̠ mǐn.tsǔ tɑ̂ʊ̯.ljɑ̀ʊ̯ tswê̞ɪ̯ wé̞ɪ̯.ɕjɛ̀n tɤ ʂɻ̩̌.xô̞ʊ̯ ‖] [mè̞ɪ̯ kɤ ɻə̌n bê̞ɪ̯.pʰwô̞.ʈʂɤ fá̠.ʈʂʰú tswê̞ɪ̯.xô̞ʊ̯ tɤ xò̞ʊ̯.ʂɤ̞́ŋ ‖] [tɕʰì.lǎɪ̯ ‖ tɕʰì.lǎɪ̯ ‖ tɕʰì.lǎɪ̯ ‖] [wò̞.mən wân.ʈʂʊ̂ŋ.î.ɕín ǀ] [mɑ̂ʊ̯.ʈʂɤ tǐ.ɻə̌n tɤ pʰɑ̂ʊ̯.xwò̞ ǀ tɕʰjɛ̌n.tɕîn ‖] [mɑ̂ʊ̯.ʈʂɤ tǐ.ɻə̌n tɤ pʰɑ̂ʊ̯.xwò̞ ǀ tɕʰjɛ̌n.tɕîn ‖] [tɕʰjɛ̌n.tɕîn ‖ tɕʰjɛ̌n.tɕîn ‖ tɕîn ‖]	Arise, you who refuse to be bond slaves, Let's stand up and fight for liberty and true democracy, All our world is facing the change of the tyrant! Everyone who works for freedom is now crying: Arise, Arise, Arise! All of us with one heart, With the torch of freedom, march on, With the torch of freedom, March on, March on! March on and on!^[8]

Previous version used between 1978 and 1982 change

Words of the song in Chinese	Words of the song using pinyin	Translation of the words into English
前进！各民族英雄的人民！伟大的共产党领导我们继续长征。万众一心奔向共产主义明天，建设祖国保卫祖国英勇的斗争。前进！前进！前进！我们千秋万代高举毛泽东旗帜，前进！高举毛泽东旗帜，前进！前进！前进！进！^[9]^[10]	Qiánjìn! Gè mínzǔ yīngxióngde rénmín, Wěidàde gòngchǎndǎng lǐngdǎo wǒmen jìxù chángzhēng. Wànzhòng yīxīn bēn xiàng gòngchǎnzhǔyì míngtiān, Jiànshè zǔgúo bǎowèi zǔgúo yīngyǒngde dòuzhēng. Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Wǒmen qiānqīu-wàndài Gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, qiánjìn! Gāojǔ Máo Zédōng qízhì, qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Qiánjìn! Jìn!	March on! Heroes of every races! The great Communist Party leads us in continuing the Long March! Millions with but one heart toward a communist tomorrow Bravely struggle to develop and protect the motherland. March on! March on! March on! We will for many generations Raise high Mao Zedong's banner! March on! Raise high Mao Zedong's banner! March on! March on! March on! On!

Parodies change

In 1941, African American musician Paul Robeson recorded and sung both a Chinese and an English version of the song.^[11]^[12]
In 1944, an instrumental version recorded by the Army Air Force Orchestra was played as the theme song for film Why We Fight VI: The Battle of China.
The Slovenian avant-garde band Laibach recorded an electronic version of this song in both English and Mandarin.^[13]
British musician Damon Albarn created an upbeat version of this song.^[14]
German musician Holger Czukay created a cut-up instrumental version of this song.
The third line of the first stanza in the lyrics of Glory to Hong Kong created during the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests makes a reference to the first line of March of the Volunteers.

References change

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Resolution on the Capital, Calendar, National Anthem, and National Flag of the People's Republic of China (1949-09-27). First Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Beijing.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Annex III (1990-04-04). Seventh National People's Congress in Beijing.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Annex III (1993-03-31). Eighth National People's Congress in Beijing.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Amendment IV, §31 (2004-03-14). Tenth National People's Congress in Beijing.
↑ 許祚祿著 (January 2016). 沉默的群山. ISBN 9787539655406.
↑ 吴克立, .. (22 November 2016). 告别与重建: 读懂二十一世纪中国. ISBN 9781940266251. {{cite book}}: |first1= has numeric name (help)
↑ http://www.gov.cn/guoqing/guoge/index.htm gov.cn.
↑ Respect, the national anthem and the Basic Law (2018-03-25). Webb-site Reports. Translated by Paul Robeson.
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123328/http://www.xdj.gov.cn/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=6675 存档副本. Retrieved 2007-04-12. Archived 2007-09-29.
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20100901143054/http://baike.yp001.com/stamp_show.asp?id=160 邮币卡大百科 → 邮票 → J字邮票 → J.46：中华人民共和国成立三十周年(第三组). 邮票互动网. 2011-01-05. Archived 2010-09-01.
↑ https://politicalfolkmusic.org/wordpress/paul-robeson-march-of-the-volunteers Archived 2022-11-15 at the Wayback Machine Paul Robeson's album "Chee Lai!". Audio hosted at the Internet Archive. Lyrics and sheet music hosted at Political Folk Music. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
↑ Bonner, David. Revolutionizing Children's Records: 1946–1977, pp. 47 f. Scarecrow Press (Plymouth), 2008.
↑ https://www.allmusic.com/album/volk-limited-edition-mw0000573590 Anderson, Rick. Laibach: Volk. AllMusic (San Francisco), 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/3qp2 Jones, Chris. Monkey: Journey to the West Review. BBC Music (London), 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2011.

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[resolution-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Resolution on the Capital, Calendar, National Anthem, and National Flag of the People's Republic of China (1949-09-27). First Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Beijing.

[hk-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Annex III (1990-04-04). Seventh National People's Congress in Beijing.

[mo-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, Annex III (1993-03-31). Eighth National People's Congress in Beijing.

[constitution-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Amendment IV, §31 (2004-03-14). Tenth National People's Congress in Beijing.

[沉默的群山-5] 許祚祿著 (January 2016). 沉默的群山. ISBN 9787539655406.

[告别与重建-6] 吴克立, .. (22 November 2016). 告别与重建: 读懂二十一世纪中国. ISBN 9781940266251. {{cite book}}: |first1= has numeric name (help)

[7] ttp://www.gov.cn/guoqing/guoge/index.htm gov.cn.

[8] Respect, the national anthem and the Basic Law (2018-03-25). Webb-site Reports. Translated by Paul Robeson.

[9] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20070929123328/http://www.xdj.gov.cn/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=6675 存档副本. Retrieved 2007-04-12. Archived 2007-09-29.

[10] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20100901143054/http://baike.yp001.com/stamp_show.asp?id=160 邮币卡大百科 → 邮票 → J字邮票 → J.46：中华人民共和国成立三十周年(第三组). 邮票互动网. 2011-01-05. Archived 2010-09-01.

[11] ttps://politicalfolkmusic.org/wordpress/paul-robeson-march-of-the-volunteers Archived 2022-11-15 at the Wayback Machine Paul Robeson's album "Chee Lai!". Audio hosted at the Internet Archive. Lyrics and sheet music hosted at Political Folk Music. Retrieved 22 January 2015.

[12] Bonner, David. Revolutionizing Children's Records: 1946–1977, pp. 47 f. Scarecrow Press (Plymouth), 2008.

[13] ttps://www.allmusic.com/album/volk-limited-edition-mw0000573590 Anderson, Rick. Laibach: Volk. AllMusic (San Francisco), 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.

[14] ttps://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/3qp2 Jones, Chris. Monkey: Journey to the West Review. BBC Music (London), 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2011.

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