Marshall McLuhan
Herbert Marshall McLuhan, CC (July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980) was a Canadian Professor of English literature who turned his attention to media. He was interested in the ways different media affected society.
Marshall McLuhan | |
|---|---|
 Marshall McLuhan, c. 1945 | |
| Born | Herbert Marshall McLuhan July 21, 1911 |
| Died | December 31, 1980 (aged 69) |
| School | Media theory, Toronto School of communication theory |
Main interests | Media, sensorium, New Criticism |
Notable ideas | The medium is the message, Global Village, hot and cool media |
His work was a cornerstone of media studies, and had some practical applications in the advertising and television industries.[1] His best-known work was Understanding Media:The Extensions of Man.
McLuhan is known for coining the expressions the medium is the message and the global village.[2] Although he was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, his influence began to wane in the early 1970s.[3] In the years after his death, he continued to be a controversial figure in academic circles.[4] With the arrival of the internet, however, there was renewed interest in his work and perspective.[5][6][7]
The Gutenberg Galaxy change
McLuhan's The Gutenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man (1962) was a history of print, and its effect on society.
In the book, McLuhan showed how alphabetic writing, the printing press and later media, affect thought, which in turn affects social organization:
- "If a new technology extends one or more of our senses outside us into the social world, then new ratios among all of our senses will occur in that particular culture. It is comparable to what happens when a new note is added to a melody. And when the sense ratios alter in any culture then what had appeared lucid before may suddenly become opaque, and what had been vague or opaque will become translucent".[8]
A typical idea:
- The new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village. Remember, this was written before anyone had any idea of the world wide web.[9]
His sayings range from the amusing:
- Nobody ever made a grammatical error in a non-literate society.[10]
to the mysterious:
- Typography cracked the voices of silence.[11]
Understanding Media change
Understanding Media: the extensions of Man was a pioneering study of the effects of media. The book suggests that media affect their content in important ways. It is an attempt to understand how different media have affected society. McLuhan suggests that media play a role, not by the content delivered, but by the characteristics of the medium itself.
McLuhan pointed to the light bulb as an example. A light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, but it is a medium that has a social effect. The light bulb lets people do things at nightime which would be impossible in darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence".[12] He then goes on to compare the effects of radio, television and film (movis).
The book is the source of the well-known phrase "The medium is the message". This is the idea that a medium like television actually affects the way information is seen and understood.
The Medium is the Message change
The Medium is the Message: an inventory of effects (1967) was a spin-off from his previous book. It was compiled by Quentin Fiore from writings of McLuhan with many photos and graphics selected by the compiler. The text is based on published McLuhan works, but the sources are not listed. It was a huge best-seller.[13] "eventually selling nearly a million copies worldwide".[14]
Related pages change
- Eric McLuhan (Son)
References change
- ↑ "Programming: getting the message". Time. October 13, 1967. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
- ↑ Levinson, Paul (1999). Digital McLuhan: A Guide to the Information Millennium. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-19251-4.
- ↑ Plummer, Kevin. "Historicist: Marshall McLuhan, urban activist". www.torontoist.com. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ↑ Stille, Alexander (14 October 2000). "Marshall McLuhan is back from the dustbin of history; with the internet, his ideas again seem ahead of their time". The New York Times. p. 9. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ Beale, Nigel (28 February 2008). "Living in Marshall McLuhan's galaxy". The Guardian. UK. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ↑ Wolf, Gary (1996). "The Wisdom of Saint Marshall, the Holy Fool". Wired 4.01. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
- ↑ Boxer, Sarah (3 April 2003). "CRITIC'S NOTEBOOK; McLuhan's Messages, Echoing On Iraq". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ McLuhan, Marshall 1962. The Gutenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. page 41
- ↑ McLuhan, Marshall 1962. The Gutenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. page 31
- ↑ McLuhan, Marshall 1962. The Gutenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. page 239
- ↑ McLuhan, Marshall 1962. The Gutenberg Galaxy: the making of typographic man. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. page 251
- ↑ Understanding Media, p. 8.
- ↑ Wolf, Gary (January 1996). "The Wisdom of Saint Marshall, the Holy Fool". Wired 4.01. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
- ↑ Marchand, Philip (1998). Marshall McLuhan: The Medium and the Messenger : a Biography. MIT Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-262-63186-0.