User:Mr. Ibrahem/Borderline personality disorder
| Borderline personality disorder | |
|---|---|
| Other names | |
 | |
| Idealization is seen in Edvard Munch's The Brooch. Eva Mudocci (1903) | |
| Medical specialty | Psychiatry |
| Symptoms | Unstable relationships, sense of self, and emotions; impulsivity; recurrent suicidal behavior and self-harm; fear of abandonment; chronic feeling of emptiness; inappropriate anger; feeling detached from reality[3][4] |
| Complications | Suicide[3] |
| Usual onset | Early adulthood[4] |
| Duration | Long term[3] |
| Causes | Unclear[5] |
| Risk factors | Family history, trauma, abuse[3][6] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on reported symptoms[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Identity disorder, mood disorders, post traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, histrionic, narcissistic, or antisocial personality disorder[4][7] |
| Treatment | Behavioral therapy[3] |
| Prognosis | Improves over time[4] |
| Frequency | 1.6% of people in a given year[3] |
Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD),[8] is a mental illness characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong emotional reactions.[3][4][9] Individuals often engage in self-harm and other dangerous behavior.[3] Those affected may also struggle with a feeling of emptiness, fear of abandonment, and detachment from reality.[3] Symptoms may be triggered by events considered normal to others.[3] The behavior typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations.[4] Substance abuse, depression, and eating disorders are commonly associated with BPD.[3] Approximately 10% of people affected die by suicide.[3][4]
BPD's causes are unclear, but seem to involve genetic, neurological, environmental, and social factors.[3][5] It occurs about five times more often in a person who has an affected close relative.[3] Adverse life events appear to also play a role.[6] The underlying mechanism appears to involve the frontolimbic network of neurons.[6] BPD is recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as a personality disorder, along with nine other such disorders.[4] Diagnosis is based on the symptoms, while a medical examination may be done to rule out other problems.[3] The condition must be differentiated from an identity problem or substance use disorders, among other possibilities.[4]
BPD is typically treated with therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).[3] DBT may reduce the risk of suicide.[3] Therapy may occur one-on-one or in a group.[3] While medications do not cure BPD, they may be used to help with the associated symptoms.[3] Some people require hospital care.[3]
About 1.6% of people have BPD in a given year, with some estimates as high as 6%.[3][4] Women are diagnosed about three times as often as men.[4] It appears to become less common among older people.[4] Up to half of people improve over a ten-year period.[4] People affected typically use a high amount of healthcare resources.[4] There is an ongoing debate about the naming of the disorder, especially the suitability of the word borderline.[3] The disorder is often stigmatized in both the media and the psychiatric field.[10]
References
change- ↑ Cloninger, Robert C. (2005). "Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Review". In Maj, Mario; Akiskal, Hagop S.; Mezzich, Juan E. (eds.). Personality disorders. New York City: John Wiley & Sons. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-470-09036-7. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ↑ Blom, Jan Dirk (2010). A dictionary of hallucinations (1st ed.). New York: Springer. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4419-1223-7. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 "Borderline Personality Disorder". NIMH. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013. pp. 645, 663–6. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Borderline Personality Disorder. Melbourne: National Health and Medical Research Council. 2013. pp. 40–41. ISBN 978-1-86496-564-3.
In addition to the evidence identified by the systematic review, the Committee also considered a recent narrative review of studies that have evaluated biological and environmental factors as potential risk factors for BPD (including prospective studies of children and adolescents, and studies of young people with BPD)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Leichsenring F, Leibing E, Kruse J, New AS, Leweke F (January 2011). "Borderline personality disorder". Lancet. 377 (9759): 74–84. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61422-5. PMID 21195251.
- ↑ "Borderline Personality Disorder Differential Diagnoses". emedicine.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ↑ Borderline personality disorder NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 78. British Psychological Society. 2009. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ↑ Chapman, Alexander L. (August 2019). "Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation". Development and Psychopathology. 31 (3). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press: 1143–1156. doi:10.1017/S0954579419000658. ISSN 0954-5794. PMID 31169118. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- ↑ Aviram RB, Brodsky BS, Stanley B (2006). "Borderline personality disorder, stigma, and treatment implications". Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 14 (5): 249–56. doi:10.1080/10673220600975121. PMID 16990170.