First Czechoslovak Republic

The First Czechoslovak Republic was a country in Eastern Europe. It was commonly known as Czechoslovakia, and it existed between 1918 and 1938. It was occupied by Nazi Germany and became the Protectorate of the Third Reich.

Czechoslovak Republic Československá republika
1918–1938
Flag (after 1920) Middle coat of arms
Motto: Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí "Truth prevails"
Anthem: ’Kde domov můj’ (Czech) ’Where my home is’ ’Nad Tatrou sa blýska’ (Slovak) ’Lightning Over the Tatras’
The Czechoslovak Republic in 1937
Capital and largest city	Prague
Official languages	Czechoslovak, German
Common languages	Czechoslovaka (Czech · Slovak)
Demonym(s)	Czechoslovak
Government	Unitary parliamentary republic
President
• 1918–1935	Tomáš Masaryk
• 1935–1938	Edvard Beneš
Prime Minister
• 1918–1919 (first)	Karel Kramář
• 1935–1938 (last)	Milan Hodža
Legislature	National Assembly
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Historical era	Interwar period
• Independence declared	28 October 1918
• Constitution adopted	29 February 1920
• Munich Agreement	30 September 1938
Currency	Czechoslovak koruna
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Bohemia Kingdom of Hungary German Empire Second Czechoslovak Republic Reichsgau Sudetenland Kingdom of Hungary Second Polish Republic
Today part of	Czech Republic Slovakia Ukraine
a. German, Hungarian, Polish, Romani, Ruthenian, and Yiddish had regional status.

Bibliography

• Kárník, Zdeněk: Malé dějiny československé (1867–1939), Dokořán (2008), Praha, ISBN 978-80-7363-146-8 (in Czech)
• Olivová, Věra: Dějiny první republiky, Karolinum Press (2000), Praha, ISBN 80-7184-791-7 (in Czech)
• Peroutka, Ferdinand: Budování státu I.-IV., Academia (2003), Praha, ISBN 80-200-1121-8 (in Czech)
• Gen. František Moravec: Špión jemuž nevěřili ISBN 80-200-1006-8 (in Czech)
• Axworthy, Mark W.A. Axis Slovakia—Hitler's Slavic Wedge, 1938–1945, Bayside, N.Y. : Axis Europa Books, 2002, ISBN 1-891227-41-6