Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia[1] was a country in Europe. It split off from Austria-Hungary in 1918 and split apart in 1993.
Czechoslovakia Československo Česko‑Slovensko[a] | |||||||||||||||
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1918–1939 1945–1992 1939–1945: Government-in-exile | |||||||||||||||
Motto: ‘Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí’ (Czech / Slovak, 1918–1990) ’Veritas vincit’ (Latin, 1990–1992) ’Truth prevails’ | |||||||||||||||
Anthem: ’Kde domov můj’ (Czech) ’Where is my home’ ’Nad Tatrou sa blýska’ (Slovak) ’Lightning Over the Tatras’ | |||||||||||||||
![]() Czechoslovakia during interwar period and Cold War | |||||||||||||||
Capital | Prague (Praha) 50°05′N 14°25′E / 50.083°N 14.417°ECoordinates: 50°05′N 14°25′E / 50.083°N 14.417°E | ||||||||||||||
Common languages | Czech · Slovak · German · Hungarian · Yiddish · Rusyn | ||||||||||||||
Demonym(s) | Czechoslovak | ||||||||||||||
Government | First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939) Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948) Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1990) Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992) | ||||||||||||||
President | |||||||||||||||
• 1918–1935 | Tomáš G. Masaryk | ||||||||||||||
• 1935–1938 · 1945–1948 | Edvard Beneš | ||||||||||||||
• 1938–1939 | Emil Hácha | ||||||||||||||
• 1948–1953 | Klement Gottwald | ||||||||||||||
• 1953–1957 | Antonín Zápotocký | ||||||||||||||
• 1957–1968 | Antonín Novotný | ||||||||||||||
• 1968–1975 | Ludvík Svoboda | ||||||||||||||
• 1976–1989 | Gustáv Husák | ||||||||||||||
• 1989–1992 | Václav Havel | ||||||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||||||
• 1918–1919 (first) | Karel Kramář | ||||||||||||||
• 1992 (last) | Jan Stráský | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | 20th century | ||||||||||||||
• Independence | 28 October 1918 | ||||||||||||||
1939 | |||||||||||||||
• Liberation | 9 May 1945 | ||||||||||||||
25 February 1948 | |||||||||||||||
November–December 1989 | |||||||||||||||
31 December 1992 | |||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||
• 1921 | 13,607,385 | ||||||||||||||
• 1992 | 15,600,000 | ||||||||||||||
Currency | Czechoslovak koruna | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of | ![]() ![]() ![]() ∟ ![]() |
In mid-1938 Nazi Germany took over Czechoslovakia and split off Slovakia. After World War II the USSR annexed a part of eastern Czechoslovakia so that they could have a border with Hungary. The USSR also annexed parts of Poland and Romania. All four of these countries were in the USSR's sphere of influence. The USSR thought that this meant they could make sure the countries did what they wanted. In 1968 the USSR thought that the government of Alexander Dubcek was moving away from communism and leaving the Warsaw Pact, and invaded Czechoslovakia.
In 1989 Czechoslovakia peacefully removed the Communist dictatorship in the Velvet Revolution.
On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Both countries separated in peace.
Official namesEdit
- 1918–1920: Republic of Czechoslovakia (abbreviated RČS)/Czecho-Slovak State,[2] or Czecho-Slovakia/Czechoslovakia
- 1920–1938: Czechoslovak Republic (ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
- 1938–1939: Czecho-Slovak Republic, or Czecho-Slovakia
- 1945–1960: Czechoslovak Republic (ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
- 1960–1990: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR), or Czechoslovakia
- April 1990: Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech version) and Czecho-Slovak Federative Republic (Slovak version)
- The country subsequently became the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, ČSFR, or Československo (Czech version) and Česko-Slovensko (Slovak version).
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ "THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS".
- ↑ Votruba, Martin. "Czecho-Slovakia or Czechoslovakia". Slovak Studies Program. University of Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2009.