Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a country in Europe. It split off from Austria-Hungary in 1918 and split apart in 1993.

Czechoslovakia Československo Česko‑Slovensko
1918–1939 1945–1992 1939–1945: Government-in-exile
Flag (1920–1992) Lesser coat of arms (1920–1960)
Motto: ‘Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí’ (Czech / Slovak, 1918–1990) ’Veritas vincit’ (Latin, 1990–1992) ’Truth prevails’
Anthem: ’Kde domov můj’ (Czech) ’Where is my home’ ’Nad Tatrou sa blýska’ (Slovak) ’Lightning Over the Tatras’
Czechoslovakia during interwar period and Cold War
Capital	Prague (Praha) 50°05′N 14°25′E
Common languages	Czech · Slovak · German · Hungarian · Yiddish · Rusyn
Demonym(s)	Czechoslovak
Government	First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939) Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948) Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1990) Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
President
• 1918–1935	Tomáš G. Masaryk
• 1935–1938 · 1945–1948	Edvard Beneš
• 1938–1939	Emil Hácha
• 1948–1953	Klement Gottwald
• 1953–1957	Antonín Zápotocký
• 1957–1968	Antonín Novotný
• 1968–1975	Ludvík Svoboda
• 1976–1989	Gustáv Husák
• 1989–1992	Václav Havel
Prime Minister
• 1918–1919 (first)	Karel Kramář
• 1992 (last)	Jan Stráský
Historical era	20th century
• Independence	28 October 1918
• German occupation	1939
• Liberation	9 May 1945
• Coup d'état	25 February 1948
• Velvet Revolution	November–December 1989
• Dissolution	31 December 1992
Population
• 1921	13,607,385
• 1992	15,600,000
Currency	Czechoslovak koruna
Preceded by Succeeded by Austria-Hungary Kingdom of Bohemia Margraviate of Moravia Czech Republic Slovakia
Today part of	Czech Republic Slovakia Ukraine  ∟ Zakarpattia Oblast

In mid-1938 Nazi Germany took over Czechoslovakia and split off Slovakia. After World War II the USSR annexed a part of eastern Czechoslovakia so that they could have a border with Hungary. The USSR also annexed parts of Poland and Romania. All four of these countries were in the USSR's sphere of influence. The USSR thought that this meant they could make sure the countries did what they wanted. In 1968 the USSR thought that the government of Alexander Dubcek was moving away from communism and leaving the Warsaw Pact, and invaded Czechoslovakia.

In 1989 Czechoslovakia peacefully removed the Communist dictatorship in the Velvet Revolution.

On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Both countries separated in peace.

Official names

• 1918–1920: Republic of Czechoslovakia (abbreviated RČS)/Czecho-Slovak State, or Czecho-Slovakia/Czechoslovakia
• 1920–1938: Czechoslovak Republic (ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
• 1938–1939: Czecho-Slovak Republic, or Czecho-Slovakia
• 1945–1960: Czechoslovak Republic (ČSR), or Czechoslovakia
• 1960–1990: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR), or Czechoslovakia
• April 1990: Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Czech version) and Czecho-Slovak Federative Republic (Slovak version)
  • The country subsequently became the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic, ČSFR, or Československo (Czech version) and Česko-Slovensko (Slovak version).

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