Help:IPA/Slovene

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Slovene on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Slovene in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here. Some keys are built on consensus more strongly than others; if the conventions of this key are already in wide use, any substantive change to it should be discussed on the talk page first as it would affect a large number of articles. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Slovene language pronunciations in Simple Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Simple Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-sl}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Slovene phonology for a extensive look at the sounds of Slovene.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	nearest English equivalent
b	bob	bob
d	dan	done
dz	brivec brije^[1]	heads
dʒ	džez	George
f	film	film
ɡ	gora	gore
ɣ	vrh drevesa^[1]	Spanish rasgo
j	jaz^[2]	yaw
k	kolo	cola
l	luka^[2]	Luke
m	morje, Istanbul^[3]	more
ɱ	simfonija, informacija^[3]	comfort
n	ne^[3]^[2]	no
ŋ	banka^[3]	bank
p	pet	pet
ɾ	robot	US batter
s	stol	stole
ʃ	šum	shell
t	ti	tattoo
ts	car	shorts
tʃ	čaj	church
v	filozof Dolar^[1]	van
ʋ	voda	van
w	cerkev^[4]	we
ʍ	vsi^[4]	white or twice
x	harfa	Scottish loch
z	zima	zoo
ʒ	žaba	fusion

Combinations of vowels and tone^[5]
Low tone (or "rising") vowels
IPA	Stress orth.	Tonal orth.^[6]^[7]	Examples	nearest English equivalent
àː	á		danes	father
ɛ̀ː	ê	é	zemlja	British square
èː	é	ẹ́	cerkev	late
ə̀	è	ə̀	sem (stressed)	about
ə̀ɾ	ŕ		vrba	US verb (but trilled)
ìː	í		hiša	least
ɔ̀ː	ô	ó	poten	dog
òː	ó	ọ́	erotičen	story
ùː	ú		truplo	scoop
High tone (or "falling") vowels
á	à	ȁ	brat	strut
áː	á	ȃ	grad	father
ɛ́	è	ȅ	met	let
ɛ́ː	ê	ȇ	adverb	British square
éː	é	ẹ̑	kreda	late
ə́	è	ə̏	pes	about
ə́ɾ	ŕ	ȓ	tržnica	US verb (but trilled)
í	ì	ȉ	bik	list
íː	í	ȋ	list	least
ɔ́	ò	ȍ	on	off
ɔ́ː	ô	ȏ	alkova	dog
óː	ó	ọ̑	pot	story
ú	ù	ȕ	kruh	foot
úː	ú	ȗ	romunščina	scoop
ý	ǜ	ü̏	Türk^[8]	somewhat like cute
Unstressed vowels
a	a		žena	father (but shorter)
ɛ	e	e	medved	let
ə	e	ə	danes	about
əɾ	er, r	ər, r	koder, potrditi	US verb (but trilled)
i	i		biti	list
ɔ	o		potok	lot
u	u		mamut	foot
Stress^[7]
IPA	Stress orth.	Tonal orth.	Example	Explanation
ˈ	N/A		[ˈsə̀m]	primary stress

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 [dz, ɣ, v] are allophones of /ts, x, f/ that occur before voiced consonants (Herrity (2000:16)).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Orthographic sequences ⟨lj, nj, rj⟩ are pronounced /lj, nj, rj/ only if a vowel follows; otherwise, the /j/ is not pronounced. For ⟨rj⟩, it is reflected in the orthography, but for ⟨lj, nj⟩ it is not.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /ʋ/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Standard Slovene features three allophones of /v/ (the latter two sometimes also occurring for /l/): before vowels, it is [ʋ], after a vowel it is [w], and between a syllable boundary and a voiceless consonant, it is [ʍ] (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)).
↑ Some scholars have found that vowel length in Standard Slovene is no longer distinctive, (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136), Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF)., Srebot-Rejec (1988)) and the only differences in vowel length are that the stressed vowels are longer than the unstressed ones,(Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF)., Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:137)) with stressed open syllables longer than stressed closed syllables (Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF).).
↑ Tonic marks are not part of the orthography but are found in dictionaries such as "Slovenski pravopis 2001". Tone marks can also be found on ⟨r⟩, which signifies the sequence /ər/.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Wherever possible, one should transcribe Slovene with both tonic and stress marks. If the correct tones are unknown, it is acceptable to put only a stress-based transcription.^{[this is clearly not the current practice as there are only a few transcriptions that indicate tone]}
↑ /ý/ appears only in loanwords and is often replaced by /í/.

Sources

Herrity, Peter (2000), Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar, London: Routledge, ISBN 0415231485
Pretnar, Tone; Tokarz, Emil (1980), Slovenščina za Poljake: Kurs podstawowy języka słoweńskiego (in Polish), Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski
Srebot-Rejec, Tatjana (1988), "Word Accent and Vowel Duration in Standard Slovene: An Acoustic and Linguistic Investigation", Slavistische Beiträge, 226, Munich: Verlag Otto Sagner, ISBN 3-87690-395-5
Šuštaršič, Rastislav; Komar, Smiljana; Petek, Bojan (1999), "Slovene", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 135–139, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, ISBN 0-521-65236-7

[voiced-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 [dz, ɣ, v] are allophones of /ts, x, f/ that occur before voiced consonants (Herrity (2000:16)).

[j-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Orthographic sequences ⟨lj, nj, rj⟩ are pronounced /lj, nj, rj/ only if a vowel follows; otherwise, the /j/ is not pronounced. For ⟨rj⟩, it is reflected in the orthography, but for ⟨lj, nj⟩ it is not.

[nasal-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /ʋ/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.

[w-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Standard Slovene features three allophones of /v/ (the latter two sometimes also occurring for /l/): before vowels, it is [ʋ], after a vowel it is [w], and between a syllable boundary and a voiceless consonant, it is [ʍ] (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)).

[5] Some scholars have found that vowel length in Standard Slovene is no longer distinctive, (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136), Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF)., Srebot-Rejec (1988)) and the only differences in vowel length are that the stressed vowels are longer than the unstressed ones,(Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF)., Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:137)) with stressed open syllables longer than stressed closed syllables (Tatjana Srebot-Rejec. "On the vowel system in present-day Slovene" (PDF).).

[6] Tonic marks are not part of the orthography but are found in dictionaries such as "Slovenski pravopis 2001". Tone marks can also be found on ⟨r⟩, which signifies the sequence /ər/.

[tonestress-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Wherever possible, one should transcribe Slovene with both tonic and stress marks. If the correct tones are unknown, it is acceptable to put only a stress-based transcription.^{[this is clearly not the current practice as there are only a few transcriptions that indicate tone]}

[8] /ý/ appears only in loanwords and is often replaced by /í/.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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