Wikipedia

Voiced bilabial nasal

consonantal sound

The voiced bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is used in almost all spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨m⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum.

Voiced bilabial nasal
m
IPA Number114
Encoding
Entity (decimal)m
Unicode (hex)U+006D
X-SAMPAm
"Bilabial nasal" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see Voiceless bilabial nasal.

Nearly all languages contain this sound. A few languages (for example, Mohawk) do not often use this sound.

Features

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  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is bilabial. This means that this sound is produced with both lips.
  • It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

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Language Word IPA Meaning
Arabic Standard[1] مطابخ [mɑˈtˤɑːbiχ] 'kitchens'
Catalan[2] mare [ˈmaɾə] 'mother'
Chinese Cantonese 晚/maan5 [maːn˩˧] 'night'
Mandarin 母親/mǔqīn [mu˨˩ tɕʰin˥] 'mother'
Dutch[3] mond [mɔnt] 'mouth'
English him [hɪm] 'him'
Finnish minä [minæ] 'I'
French[4] manger [mɑ̃ʒe] 'to eat'
Georgian[5] სამი [ˈsɑmi] 'three'
Greek[6] μάζα/maza [ˈmaza] 'clump'
Hawaiian[7] maka [maka] 'eye'
Indonesian[8] masuk [ˈmasuʔ] 'enter'
Italian[9] mamma [ˈmamma] 'mamma'
Japanese[10] 乾杯/kampai [kampai] 'a toast'
Malay malam [malam] 'night'
Malayalam[7] കമ്മി [kəmmi] 'shortage'
Polish[11] masa  [ˈmasa] (help·info) 'mass'
Portuguese[12] mato [ˈmatu] 'bush'
Russian[13] муж [muʂ] 'husband'
Spanish[14] grumete [ɡɾuˈme̞te̞] 'cabin boy'
Vietnamese[15] muối [mwoj˧ˀ˥] 'salt'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[16] man [maŋ] 'animal'

References

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  1. ↑ Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266, S2CID 243640727
  2. ↑ Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  3. ↑ Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
  4. ↑ Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
  5. ↑ Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659, S2CID 53481687
  6. ↑ Newton, Brian (1972), The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology, Cabridge Studies in Linguistics, vol. 8, Cambridge University Press, p. 10
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell, pp. 139, 165
  8. ↑ Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008), "Illustrations of the IPA:Indonesian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (2): 210, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003320, S2CID 232349531
  9. ↑ Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628, S2CID 232345223
  10. ↑ Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 21 (2): 94, doi:10.1017/S002510030000445X, S2CID 242782215
  11. ↑ Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191, S2CID 232349472
  12. ↑ Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 91, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
  13. ↑ Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 42, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
  14. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373, S2CID 232344066
  15. ↑ Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 458–461, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
  16. ↑ Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 108, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344, S2CID 232350024
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