Voiced labiodental fricative
consonantal sound
The voiced labiodental fricative is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨v⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨v⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by 'v' in very and division.
| Voiced labiodental fricative | |
|---|---|
| v | |
| IPA number | 129 |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | v |
| Unicode (hex) | U+0076 |
| X-SAMPA | v |
| Kirshenbaum | v |
| Sound | |
See also in retroflex
counterpart
Features change
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
- The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
- The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is labiodental. This means that this sound is produced with the lower lips and the upper teeth.
- The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is fricative. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.
Examples change
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abkhaz | европа | [evˈropʼa] | 'Europe' | |
| Afrikaans | wees | [vɪəs] | 'to be' | |
| Albanian | valixhe | [vaˈlidʒɛ] | 'case' | |
| Arabic | Algerian[1] | كاڥي | [kavi] | 'ataxy' |
| Hejazi | ڤيروس | [vajˈruːs] | 'virus' | |
| Siirt[1] | ذهب | [vaˈhab] | 'gold' | |
| Armenian | Eastern[2] | վեց |  [vɛtsʰ] (help·info) |
'six' |
| Assyrian | ܟܬܒ̣ܐ ctava | [ctaːva] | 'book' | |
| Bai | Dali | ? | [ŋv˩˧] | 'fish' |
| Bulgarian | вода | [voda] | 'water' | |
| Catalan | Alguerese[3] | vell | [ˈveʎ] | 'old' |
| Balearic[4] [3] | ||||
| Southern Catalonia[5] | ||||
| Valencian[5][3] | ||||
| Chechen | вашa / vaṣa | [vaʃa] | 'brother' | |
| Chinese | Wu | 饭 | [vɛ] | 'cooked rice' |
| Sichuanese | 五 | [v] | 'five' | |
| Czech | voda | [ˈvodä] | 'water' | |
| Danish | Standard[6] | véd | [ve̝ːˀð̠˕ˠ] | 'know(s)' |
| Dutch | All dialects | wraak | [vraːk] | 'revenge' |
| Most dialects | vreemd | [vreːmt] | 'strange' | |
| Standard[7] | ||||
| English | All dialects | valve | [væɫv] | 'valve' |
| African American[8] | breathe | [bɹiːv] | 'breathe' | |
| Cockney[9] | [bɹəi̯v] | |||
| Esperanto | vundo | [ˈvundo] | 'wound' | |
| Ewe[10] | evlo | [évló] | 'he is evil' | |
| Faroese[11] | veður | [ˈveːʋuɹ] | 'speech' | |
| French[12] | valve | [valv] | 'valve' | |
| Georgian[13] | ვიწრო | [ˈvitsʼɾo] | 'narrow' | |
| German | Wächter | [ˈvɛçtɐ] | 'guard' | |
| Greek | βερνίκι verníki | [ve̞rˈnici] | 'varnish' | |
| Hebrew | גב | [ɡav] | 'back' | |
| Hindi[14] | व्रत | [vrət̪] | 'fast' | |
| Hungarian | veszély | [vɛseːj] | 'danger' | |
| Irish | bhaile | [vaːlə] | 'home' | |
| Italian[15] | avare | [aˈvare] | 'miserly' (f. pl.) | |
| Judaeo-Spanish | mueve | [ˈmwɛvɛ] | 'nine' | |
| Kabardian | вагъуэ | [vaːʁʷa] (help·info) |
'star' | |
| Macedonian | вода | [vɔda] | 'water' | |
| Maltese | iva | [iva] | 'yes' | |
| Norwegian | Urban East[16] | venn | [ve̞nː] | 'friend' |
| Occitan | Auvergnat | vol | [vɔl] | 'flight' |
| Limousin | ||||
| Provençal | ||||
| Persian | Western | ورزش | [varzeʃ] | 'sport' |
| Polish[17] | wór | [vur] (help·info) |
'bag' | |
| Portuguese[18] | vila | [ˈvilɐ] | 'town' | |
| Romanian | val | [väl] | 'wave' | |
| Russian[19][20] | волосы | [ˈvʷo̞ɫ̪əs̪ɨ̞] | 'hair' | |
| Serbo-Croatian | voda | [vɔ'da] | 'water' | |
| Slovak[21] | vzrast | [vzräst] | 'height' | |
| Slovene[22] | filozof | 'philosopher' | ||
| Spanish[23] | afgano | [ävˈɣ̞äno̞] | 'Afghan' | |
| Swedish | vägg | [ˈvɛɡː] | 'wall' | |
| Turkish[24] | vade | [väːˈd̪ɛ] | 'due date' | |
| Tyap | vak | [vag] | 'road' | |
| Urdu | ورزش | [vəɾzɪʃ] | ‘exercise’ | |
| Vietnamese[25] | và | [vaː˨˩] | 'and' | |
| West Frisian | weevje | [ˈʋeɪ̯vjə] | 'to weave' | |
| Welsh | fi | [vi] | 'I' | |
| Yi | ꃶ/vu | [vu˧] | 'intestines' | |
Notes change
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Watson (2002:15)
- ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009:18)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "La /v/ labiodental" (PDF). IEC. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:53)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wheeler (2002:13)
- ↑ Basbøll (2005:62)
- ↑ Gussenhoven (1992:45)
- ↑ McWhorter (2001), pp. 148.
- ↑ Wells (1982), p. 328.
- ↑ Ladefoged (2005:156)
- ↑ Árnason (2011:115)
- ↑ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
- ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
- ↑ Janet Pierrehumbert; Rami Nair (1996), Implications of Hindi Prosodic Structure (Current Trends in Phonology: Models and Methods) (PDF), European Studies Research Institute, University of Salford Press, 1996, ISBN 978-1-901471-02-1, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-13, retrieved 2022-02-16
- ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004:117)
- ↑ Kristoffersen (2000:74)
- ↑ Jassem (2003:103)
- ↑ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:91)
- ↑ Padgett (2003:42)
- ↑ Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:223)
- ↑ Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)
- ↑ Herrity (2000:16)
- ↑ http://www.uclm.es/profesorado/nmoreno/compren/material/2006apuntes_fonetica.pdf Archived 2012-03-07 at the Wayback Machine; http://plaza.ufl.edu/lmassery/Consonantes%20oclusivasreviewlaurie.doc
- ↑ Göksel & Kerslake (2005:6))
- ↑ Thompson (1959:458–461)
References change
- Árnason, Kristján (2011). The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199229314.
- Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
- Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
- Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223, S2CID 249414876
- Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L. (1993), "French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73–76, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874, S2CID 249404451
- Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943
- Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
- Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
- Herrity, Peter (2000), Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar, London: Routledge, ISBN 0415231485
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
- Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
- Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
- Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505, S2CID 13470826
- Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
- Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press
- Wheeler, Max W. (2005), The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-925814-7
- Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (2): 221–228, doi:10.1017/S0025100314000395