List of governors of Indiana

Wikimedia list article

The Governor of Indiana is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Indiana. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Indiana's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws.

Governors

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Governors of the Territory of Indiana

change

Indiana Territory was formed on July 4, 1800, from the Northwest Territory. Despite remaining a territory for nearly 16 years, it had only two governors appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state.

Governors of the Territory of Indiana
No. Governor Term in office Appointed by
1   William Henry Harrison January 10, 1801

December 28, 1812
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
2   Thomas Posey March 3, 1813

November 7, 1816
James Madison

Governors of the State of Indiana

change

Indiana was admitted to the Union on December 11, 1816.

The original 1816 Constitution of Indiana provided for the election of a governor and a lieutenant governor every three years, limited to six years out of any nine-year period.[1] The second and current constitution of 1851 lengthened terms to four years and set the commencement of the governor's term on the second Monday in the January following the election.[2] Governors were allowed to serve for four years in any eight-year period,[2] but a 1972 amendment permitted governors to serve for eight years in any twelve-year period.[3] Should the office of governor become vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[4] If the office of lieutenant governor is vacant, the president pro tempore of the Indiana Senate becomes governor;[4] this has happened once, when James B. Ray succeeded William Hendricks.[5]

Governors of the State of Indiana
No.[a] Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor[b]
3     Jonathan Jennings
(1784–1834)
[7][8]
November 7, 1816[9]

September 12, 1822
(resigned)[c]
Democratic-
Republican
[10]
1816   Christopher Harrison
(resigned December 18, 1818)[d]
Vacant
1819 Ratliff Boon
4   Ratliff Boon
(1781–1844)
[12][13]
September 12, 1822[10]

December 4, 1822
(successor took office)
Democratic-
Republican
[10]
Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
5   William Hendricks
(1782–1850)
[14][15]
December 4, 1822[16]

February 12, 1825
(resigned)[e]
Democratic-
Republican
[10]
1822 Ratliff Boon
(resigned January 30, 1824)
Vacant
6   James B. Ray
(1794–1848)
[17][18]
February 12, 1825[10]

December 7, 1831
(term-limited)[f]
Democratic-
Republican
[g]
Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
[h]
1825 John H. Thompson[i]
1828 Milton Stapp
7   Noah Noble
(1794–1844)
[21][22]
December 7, 1831[23]

December 6, 1837
(term-limited)[f]
National
Republican
[10]
1831 David Wallace
Whig[10] 1834
8   David Wallace
(1799–1859)
[24][25]
December 6, 1837[26]

December 9, 1840
(did not run)
Whig[27] 1837 David Hillis
9   Samuel Bigger
(1802–1846)
[28][29]
December 9, 1840[30]

December 6, 1843
(lost election)
Whig[31] 1840 Samuel Hall
10   James Whitcomb
(1795–1852)
[32][33]
December 6, 1843[34]

December 27, 1848
(resigned)[j]
Democratic[35] 1843 Jesse D. Bright
(resigned December 8, 1845)
Vacant
1846 Paris C. Dunning
11   Paris C. Dunning
(1806–1884)
[36][37]
December 27, 1848[38]

December 5, 1849
(did not run)
Democratic[10] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
12   Joseph A. Wright
(1810–1867)
[39][40]
December 5, 1849[41]

January 12, 1857
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[43] 1849 Jim Lane
1852[l] Ashbel P. Willard
13   Ashbel P. Willard
(1820–1860)
[44][45]
January 12, 1857[46]

October 4, 1860
(died in office)
Democratic[47] 1856 Abram A. Hammond
14   Abram A. Hammond
(1814–1874)
[48][49]
October 4, 1860[50]

January 14, 1861
(successor took office)
Democratic[10] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
15   Henry S. Lane
(1811–1881)
[51][52]
January 14, 1861[53]

January 16, 1861
(resigned)[m]
Republican[54] 1860 Oliver P. Morton
16   Oliver P. Morton
(1823–1877)
[55][56]
January 16, 1861[57]

January 24, 1867
(resigned)[n]
Republican[10] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
Union[58] 1864 Conrad Baker[o]
17   Conrad Baker
(1817–1885)
[60][61]
January 24, 1867[62]

January 13, 1873
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
1868 William Cumback
(resigned January 11, 1871)
Vacant
18   Thomas A. Hendricks
(1819–1885)
[63][64]
January 13, 1873[65]

January 8, 1877
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1872 Leonidas Sexton[p]
19   James D. Williams
(1808–1880)
[66][67]
January 8, 1877[68]

November 20, 1880
(died in office)
Democratic[10] 1876 Isaac P. Gray
20   Isaac P. Gray
(1828–1895)
[69][70]
November 20, 1880[71]

January 10, 1881
(successor took office)
Democratic[10] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
21   Albert G. Porter
(1824–1897)
[72][73]
January 10, 1881[74]

January 12, 1885
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1880 Thomas Hanna
22   Isaac P. Gray
(1828–1895)
[69][70]
January 12, 1885[75]

January 14, 1889
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1884 Mahlon Dickerson Manson
(resigned July 1886)
Vacant
23   Alvin Peterson Hovey
(1821–1891)
[76][77]
January 14, 1889[78]

November 23, 1891
(died in office)
Republican[10] 1888 Ira Joy Chase
24   Ira Joy Chase
(1834–1895)
[79][80]
November 23, 1891[81]

January 9, 1893
(lost election)
Republican[10] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
25   Claude Matthews
(1845–1898)
[82][83]
January 9, 1893[84]

January 11, 1897
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1892 Mortimer Nye
26   James A. Mount
(1843–1901)
[85][86]
January 11, 1897[87]

January 14, 1901
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1896 William S. Haggard
27   Winfield T. Durbin
(1847–1928)
[88][89]
January 14, 1901[90]

January 9, 1905
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1900 Newton W. Gilbert
28   Frank Hanly
(1863–1920)
[91][92]
January 9, 1905[93]

January 11, 1909
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1904 Hugh Thomas Miller
29   Thomas R. Marshall
(1854–1925)
[94][95]
January 11, 1909[96]

January 13, 1913
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1908 Frank J. Hall
30   Samuel M. Ralston
(1857–1925)
[97][98]
January 13, 1913[99]

January 8, 1917
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1912 William P. O'Neill
31   James P. Goodrich
(1864–1940)
[100][101]
January 8, 1917[102]

January 10, 1921
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1916 Edgar D. Bush
32   Warren T. McCray
(1865–1938)
[103][104]
January 10, 1921[105]

April 30, 1924
(resigned)[q]
Republican[10] 1920 Emmett Forest Branch
33   Emmett Forest Branch
(1874–1932)
[106][107]
April 30, 1924[108]

January 12, 1925
(did not run)
Republican[10] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
34   Edward L. Jackson
(1873–1954)
[109][110]
January 12, 1925[111]

January 14, 1929
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1924 F. Harold Van Orman
35   Harry G. Leslie
(1878–1937)
[112][113]
January 14, 1929[114]

January 9, 1933
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1928 Edgar D. Bush
36   Paul V. McNutt
(1891–1955)
[115][116]
January 9, 1933[117]

January 11, 1937
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1932 M. Clifford Townsend
37   M. Clifford Townsend
(1884–1954)
[118][119]
January 11, 1937[120]

January 13, 1941
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1936 Henry F. Schricker
38   Henry F. Schricker
(1883–1966)
[121][122]
January 13, 1941[123]

January 8, 1945
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1940 Charles M. Dawson
39   Ralph F. Gates
(1893–1978)
[124][125]
January 8, 1945[126]

January 10, 1949
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1944 Richard T. James
(resigned April 1, 1948)
Vacant
Rue J. Alexander
(appointed April 14, 1948)
(died January 2, 1949)
Vacant
40   Henry F. Schricker
(1883–1966)
[121][122]
January 10, 1949[127]

January 12, 1953
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1948 John A. Watkins
41   George N. Craig
(1909–1992)
[128][129]
January 12, 1953[130]

January 14, 1957
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1952 Harold W. Handley
42   Harold W. Handley
(1909–1972)
[131][132]
January 14, 1957[133]

January 9, 1961
(term-limited)[k]
Republican[10] 1956 Crawford F. Parker
43   Matthew E. Welsh
(1912–1995)
[134][135]
January 9, 1961[136]

January 11, 1965
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1960 Richard O. Ristine[p]
44   Roger D. Branigin
(1902–1975)
[137][138]
January 11, 1965[139]

January 13, 1969
(term-limited)[k]
Democratic[10] 1964 Robert L. Rock
45   Edgar Whitcomb
(1917–2016)
[140][141]
January 13, 1969[142]

January 8, 1973
(did not run)[r]
Republican[10] 1968 Richard E. Folz
46   Otis Bowen
(1918–2013)
[143][144]
January 8, 1973[145]

January 12, 1981
(term-limited)[s]
Republican[10] 1972 Robert D. Orr
1976
47   Robert D. Orr
(1917–2004)
[147]
January 12, 1981[148]

January 9, 1989
(term-limited)[s]
Republican[147] 1980 John Mutz
1984
48   Evan Bayh
(b. 1955)
[149]
January 9, 1989[150]

January 13, 1997
(term-limited)[s]
Democratic[149] 1988 Frank O'Bannon
1992
49   Frank O'Bannon
(1930–2003)
[151]
January 13, 1997[152]

September 13, 2003
(died in office)
Democratic[151] 1996 Joe Kernan
2000
50   Joe Kernan
(1946–2020)
[153]
September 13, 2003[154]

January 10, 2005
(lost election)
Democratic[153] Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
Kathy Davis
(appointed October 20, 2003)
51   Mitch Daniels
(b. 1949)
[155]
January 10, 2005[156]

January 14, 2013
(term-limited)[s]
Republican[155] 2004 Becky Skillman
2008
52   Mike Pence
(b. 1959)
[157]
January 14, 2013[158]

January 9, 2017
(withdrew)[t]
Republican[157] 2012 Sue Ellspermann
(resigned March 2, 2016)
Vacant
Eric Holcomb
(appointed March 3, 2016)
53   Eric Holcomb
(b. 1968)
[160]
January 9, 2017[161]

January 13, 2025
(term-limited)[s]
Republican[160] 2016 Suzanne Crouch
2020
54   Mike Braun
(b. 1954)
January 13, 2025

Incumbent[u]
Republican 2024 Micah Beckwith
  1. The official site labels Eric Holcomb as the 51st governor;[6] based on this, repeat non-consecutive terms are numbered.
  2. Does not include acting lieutenant governors. All lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor.
  3. Jennings resigned, having been elected to the United States House of Representatives.[8]
  4. Jennings was appointed a United States commissioner to conclude a treaty with native tribes on April 15, 1818; after this time, Harrison was acting as governor. However, by accepting the post, Harrison believed Jennings had vacated the seat, and thus felt he had succeeded Jennings to the governorship. The state legislature declined to confirm this, and Harrison resigned on December 18, 1818.[11]
  5. Hendricks resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[15]
  6. 6.0 6.1 Under the 1816 constitution, governors were not capable of holding the office longer than six years in any term of nine years.[19]
  7. Kallenbach labels Ray a Clay Republican,[10] but Glashan[20] and Sobel[17] label him a Democratic-Republican.
  8. As the office of lieutenant governor was vacant, president pro tempore of the Senate Ray succeeded Hendricks.[18]
  9. Represented the Jacksonian faction
  10. Whitcomb resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[33]
  11. 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 Under the 1851 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than four years in any period of eight years.[42]
  12. First term under the 1851 constitution, which lengthened terms to four years.[2]
  13. Lane resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[52]
  14. Morton resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[56]
  15. Baker acted as governor from October 1865 to March 1866 while Morton sought treatment for a stroke and handed over executive powers.[59]
  16. 16.0 16.1 Represented the Republican Party
  17. McCray resigned following his conviction for mail fraud, and served three years in prison; he was pardoned by President Herbert Hoover in 1930.[104]
  18. It is unknown if the 1972 constitutional amendment allowing for a second term would have impacted Whitcomb; either way, he did not run in the 1972 election.
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Under a 1972 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than eight years in any period of twelve years.[146]
  20. Pence won the Republican nomination, but withdrew on July 15, 2016, when Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump selected Pence as his vice presidential running mate. As Pence was barred by Indiana law from simultaneously running for both offices, he subsequently withdrew from the gubernatorial election.[159]
  21. Braun's current term will expire on January 8, 2029.

References

change
  1. 1816 Const. art. IV, § 3
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 IN Const. art. V, § 1
  3. McLauchlan p. 94
  4. 4.0 4.1 IN Const. art. V, § 10
  5. Woollen, p. 56
  6. "About the Governor". State of Indiana. Retrieved November 17, 2018.[permanent dead link]
  7. Sobel 1978, pp. 395–396.
  8. 8.0 8.1 "Johnathan Jennings". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  9. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1816 sess., 10, accessed August 18, 2023
  10. 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 10.39 10.40 Kallenbach 1977, pp. 171–172.
  11. 1919 Year Book, p. 981
  12. Sobel 1978, p. 396.
  13. "Ratliff Boon". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  14. Sobel 1978, pp. 396–397.
  15. 15.0 15.1 "William Hendricks". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  16. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1822 sess., 26, accessed August 18, 2023
  17. 17.0 17.1 Sobel 1978, pp. 397–398.
  18. 18.0 18.1 "James Brown Ray". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  19. "1816 Ind. Const. art. IV, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
  20. Glashan 1979, p. 86.
  21. Sobel 1978, pp. 398–399.
  22. "Noah Noble". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  23. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1831 sess., 32, accessed August 19, 2023
  24. Sobel 1978, pp. 399–400.
  25. "David Wallace". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  26. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1837 sess., 30, accessed August 19, 2023
  27. Dubin 2003, p. 59.
  28. Sobel 1978, p. 400.
  29. "Samuel Bigger". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  30. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1840 sess., 35, accessed August 19, 2023
  31. Dubin 2003, p. 60.
  32. Sobel 1978, pp. 400–401.
  33. 33.0 33.1 "James Whitcomb". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  34. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1843 sess., 33, accessed August 19, 2023
  35. Dubin 2003, pp. 60–61.
  36. Sobel 1978, pp. 401–402.
  37. "Paris Chipman Dunning". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  38. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1848 sess., 202, accessed August 19, 2023
  39. Sobel 1978, p. 402.
  40. "Joseph Albert Wright". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  41. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1849 sess., 42, accessed August 19, 2023
  42. "1851 Ind. Const. art. IV, § 3". www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
  43. Dubin 2003, pp. 62–63.
  44. Sobel 1978, p. 403.
  45. "Ashbel Parsons Willard". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  46. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1857 sess., 60, accessed August 19, 2023
  47. Dubin 2003, p. 63.
  48. Sobel 1978, pp. 403–404.
  49. "Abram Adams Hammond". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  50. "Death of Gov. Willard". Richmond Weekly Palladium. 1860-10-11. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  51. Sobel 1978, p. 404.
  52. 52.0 52.1 "Henry Smith Lane". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  53. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1861 sess., 60, accessed August 19, 2023
  54. Dubin 2003, p. 64.
  55. Sobel 1978, p. 405.
  56. 56.0 56.1 "Oliver Morton Perry". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  57. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1861 sess., 94, accessed August 19, 2023
  58. Thornbrough, Emma Lou (1989). Indiana in the Civil War Era, 1850–1880. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 209.
  59. "Indiana Governor Conrad Baker". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on January 4, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
  60. Sobel 1978, pp. 405–406.
  61. "Conrad Baker". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  62. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1867 sess., 197, accessed August 19, 2023
  63. Sobel 1978, pp. 406–407.
  64. "Thomas Andrews Hendricks". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  65. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1873 sess., 77, accessed August 19, 2023
  66. Sobel 1978, p. 407.
  67. "James Douglas Williams". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  68. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1877 sess., 66, accessed August 19, 2023
  69. 69.0 69.1 Sobel 1978, pp. 407–408.
  70. 70.0 70.1 "Isaac Pusey Gray". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  71. "none". The South Bend Tribune. 1880-11-20. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-08-19. He will be succeeded in office by Lieutenant-Governor Gray...
  72. Sobel 1978, pp. 408–409.
  73. "Albert Gallatin Porter". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  74. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1881 sess., 79, accessed August 19, 2023
  75. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1885 sess., 60, accessed August 19, 2023
  76. Sobel 1978, pp. 409–410.
  77. "Alvin Peterson Hovey". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  78. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1889 sess., 62, accessed August 19, 2023
  79. Sobel 1978, p. 410.
  80. "Ira Joy Chase". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  81. "The Governor Dead". The Indianapolis News. 1891-11-23. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  82. Sobel 1978, pp. 410–411.
  83. "Claude Matthews". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  84. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1893 sess., 50, accessed August 19, 2023
  85. Sobel 1978, p. 411.
  86. "James Atwell Mount". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  87. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1897 sess., 63, accessed August 19, 2023
  88. Sobel 1978, pp. 411–412.
  89. "Winfield Taylor Durbin". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  90. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1901 sess., 72, accessed August 19, 2023
  91. Sobel 1978, pp. 412–413.
  92. "James Frank Hanly". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  93. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1905 sess., 103, accessed August 19, 2023
  94. Sobel 1978, p. 413.
  95. "Thomas Riley Marshall". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  96. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1909 sess., 79, accessed August 19, 2023
  97. Sobel 1978, p. 414.
  98. "Samuel Moffett Ralston". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  99. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1913 sess., 69, accessed August 19, 2023
  100. Sobel 1978, pp. 414–415.
  101. "James Putnam Goodrich". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  102. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1917 sess., 51, accessed August 19, 2023
  103. Sobel 1978, pp. 415–416.
  104. 104.0 104.1 "Warren T. McCray". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  105. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1921 sess., 149, accessed August 19, 2023
  106. Sobel 1978, p. 416.
  107. "Emmett Forrest Branch". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  108. "Branch Made Governor". The Indianapolis Times. 1924-04-30. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  109. Sobel 1978, pp. 416–417.
  110. "Edward L. Jackson". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  111. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1925 sess., 26, accessed August 19, 2023
  112. Sobel 1978, p. 417.
  113. "Harry Guyer Leslie". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  114. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1929 sess., 13, accessed August 19, 2023
  115. Sobel 1978, pp. 417–418.
  116. "Paul Vories McNutt". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  117. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1933 sess., 88, accessed August 19, 2023
  118. Sobel 1978, pp. 418–419.
  119. "Maurice Clifford Townsend". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  120. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1937 sess., 76, accessed August 19, 2023
  121. 121.0 121.1 Sobel 1978, pp. 419–420.
  122. 122.0 122.1 "Henry Frederick Schricker". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  123. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1941 sess., 97, accessed August 19, 2023
  124. Sobel 1978, p. 420.
  125. "Ralph Fesler Gates". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  126. Maddox, Tom (1945-01-09). "Gates Pledges Service to All Indiana People". The Star Press. Associated Press. p. 1. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
  127. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1949 sess., 54, accessed August 19, 2023
  128. Sobel 1978, p. 421.
  129. "George N. Craig". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  130. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1953 sess., 44, accessed August 19, 2023
  131. Sobel 1978, pp. 421–422.
  132. "Harold Willis Handley". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  133. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1957 sess., 47, accessed August 19, 2023
  134. Sobel 1978, p. 422.
  135. "Matthew Empson Welsh". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  136. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1961 sess., 55, accessed August 19, 2023
  137. Sobel 1978, p. 423.
  138. "Roger Douglas Branigin". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  139. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1965 sess., 50, accessed August 19, 2023
  140. Sobel 1978, pp. 423–424.
  141. "Edgar Doud Whitcomb". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  142. Indiana General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1969 sess., 89, accessed August 19, 2023
  143. Sobel 1978, pp. 424–425.
  144. "Otis Ray Bowen". National Governors Association. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  145. Mooney, Robert P. (1973-01-09). "Bowen Asks for Guidance in Taking His Oath of Office". The Indianapolis Star. p. 10. Retrieved 2023-08-20.
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