List of Jupiter's moons

There are 95 known moons of Jupiter, as of 1 November 2023. Jupiter has the second largest number of moons of any planet in the Solar System.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The most massive of the moons are the four Galilean moons, which were independently discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius. They were the first objects found to orbit a body that was neither Earth nor the Sun. The Galilean moons are by far the largest and most massive objects to orbit Jupiter. The other 91 known moons and the rings together make up just 0.003% of the total orbiting mass. The four are Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. They are roughly the same size as Earth's moon, some are a bit bigger, some are smaller.

From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered. All these are less than 250 kilometres (160 mi) in diameter, with most barely exceeding 5 kilometres (3.1 mi). Their orbital shapes range from nearly perfectly circular to highly eccentric and inclined. Many revolve in the direction opposite to Jupiter's spin (retrograde motion). Orbital periods range from seven hours (taking less time than Jupiter does to spin around its axis), to some three thousand times more (almost three Earth years).

List of moons

This list starts with those that go around Jupiter (orbit) the fastest. That is, they have the shortest orbital period. Moons highlighted in purple are the "Galilean moons," moons highlighted in dark gray have a retrograde orbit, and moons with the regular white background have a prograde orbit.

	Label ^{[note 1]}	Name	Pronunciation (key)	Diameter (km)^{[note 2]}	Mass (×10¹⁶ kg)	Semi-major axis (km)^[4]	Orbital period (d)^[4]^{[note 3]}	Inclination (°)^[4]	Eccentricity ^[5]	Discovery year ^[6]	Discoverer ^[6]	Group ^{[note 4]}
1	XVI	Metis	ˈmiːtɨs	43 (60×40×34)	~3.6	128,000	+0.2948 (+7h 04m 29s)	0.060° ^[7]	0.0002	1979	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner
2	XV	Adrastea	ˌædrəˈstiːə	16.4 (20×16×14)	~0.20	129,000	+0.2983 (+7h 09m 30s)	0.030°^[7]	0.0015	1979	Jewitt (Voyager 2)	Inner
3	V	Amalthea	ˌæməlˈθiːə	167 (250×146×128)	208	181,400	+0.4999 (+11h 59m 53s)	0.374°^[7]	0.0032	1892	Barnard	Inner
4	XIV	Thebe	ˈθiːbiː	98.6 (116×98×84)	~43	221,900	+0.6761 (+16h 13m 35s)	1.076°^[7]	0.0175	1979	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner
5	I	Io	ˈaɪ.oʊ	3,643.2	8,931,900	421,800	+1.7627 (+1d 18h 18m 20s)	0.050°^[7]	0.0041	1610	Galilei	Galilean
6	II	Europa	jʊˈroʊpə	3,121.6	4,799,800	671,100	+3.5255 (+3d 12h 36m 40s)	0.470°^[7]	0.0090	1610	Galilei	Galilean
7	III	Ganymede	ˈɡænɨmiːd	5,268.2	14,819,000	1,070,400	+7.1556	0.200°^[7]	0.0013	1610	Galilei	Galilean
8	IV	Callisto	kəˈlɪstoʊ	4,820.6	10,759,000	1,882,700	+16.690	0.192°^[7]	0.0074	1610	Galilei	Galilean
9	XVIII	Themisto	θɨˈmɪstoʊ	~9	~0.038	7,398,500	+130.03	43.8°	0.340	1975/2000	Kowal & Roemer/ Sheppard et al.	Themisto
10	XIII	Leda	ˈliːdə	21.5	~0.52	11,146,400	+240.93	28.6°	0.162	1974	Kowal	Himalia
11	LXXI	Ersa	ˈɜːrsə	3	~0.0014	11,401,000	+249.23	29.1°	0.116	2018	Sheppard	Himalia
12	—	S/2018 J 2		3	~0.0014	11,419,700	+249.92	28.3°	0.152	2018	Sheppard	Himalia
13	VI	Himalia	haɪˈmeɪliə	139.6 (150×120)	420	11,440,600	+250.56	28.1°	0.160	1904	Perrine	Himalia
14	LXV	Pandia	pænˈdaɪə	3	~0.0014	11,481,000	+251.91	29.0°	0.179	2017	Sheppard	Himalia
15	X	Lysithea	laɪˈsɪθiːə	42.2	~3.9	11,700,800	+259.20	27.2°	0.117	1938	Nicholson	Himalia
16	VII	Elara	ˈɛlərə	79.9	~27	11,712,300	+259.64	27.9°	0.211	1905	Perrine	Himalia
17	—	S/2011 J 3		~3	~0.0014	11,716,800	+259.84	27.6°	0.192	2011	Sheppard	Himalia
18	—	Dia	ˈdaɪə	~4	~0.0034	12,260,300	+278.21	29.0°	0.232	2000	Sheppard et al.	Himalia
19	—	S/2018 J 4		~2	~0.00042	16,328,500	+427.63	50.2°	0.177	2018	Sheppard	Carpo
20	XLVI	Carpo	ˈkɑrpoʊ	~3	~0.0014	17,042,300	+456.29	53.2°	0.416	2003	Sheppard	Carpo
21	LXII	Valetudo	væləˈtjuːdoʊ	~1	~0.000052	18,694,200	+527.61	34.5°	0.217	2016	Sheppard	Valetudo
22	XXXIV	Euporie	juːˈpoʊrɨ.iː	~2	~0.00042	19,265,800	−550.69	145.7°	0.148	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
23	LV	S/2003 J 18		~2	~0.00042	20,336,300	−598.12	145.3°	0.090	2003	Gladman	Ananke
24	LX	Eupheme	juːˈfiːmiː	~2	~0.00042	20,768,600	−617.73	148.0°	0.241	2003	Sheppard	Ananke
25	—	S/2021 J 3		~2	~0.00042	20,776,700	−618.33	147.9°	0.239	2021	Sheppard	Ananke
26	LII	S/2010 J 2		~1	~0.000052	20,793,000	−618.84	148.1°	0.248	2010	Veillet	Ananke
27	LIV	S/2016 J 1		~1	~0.000052	20,802,600	−618.49	144.7°	0.232	2016	Sheppard	Ananke
28	XL	Mneme	ˈniːmiː	~2	~0.00042	20,821,000	−620.07	148.0°	0.247	2003	Sheppard & Gladman	Ananke
29	XXXIII	Euanthe	juːˈænθiː	~3	~0.0014	20,827,000	−620.44	148.0°	0.239	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
30	—	S/2003 J 16		~2	~0.00042	20,882,600	−622.88	148.0°	0.243	2003	Gladman	Ananke
31	XXII	Harpalyke	hɑrˈpælɨkiː	~4	~0.0034	20,892,100	−623.32	147.7°	0.232	2000	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
32	XXXV	Orthosie	ɔrˈθɒsɨ.iː	~2	~0.00042	20,892,100	−622.59	144.3°	0.299	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
33	XLV	Helike	ˈhɛlɨkiː	~4	~0.0034	20,915,700	−626.33	154.4°	0.153	2003	Sheppard	Ananke
34	—	S/2021 J 2		~1	~0.000052	20,926,600	−625.14	148.1°	0.242	2021	Sheppard	Ananke
35	XXVII	Praxidike	prækˈsɪdɨkiː	7	~0.018	20,935,400	−625.39	148.3°	0.246	2000	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
36	LXIV	S/2017 J 3		~2	~0.00042	20,941,000	−625.60	147.9°	0.231	2017	Sheppard	Ananke
37	—	S/2021 J 1		~1	~0.000052	20,954,700	−627.14	150.5°	0.228	2021	Sheppard	Ananke
38	—	S/2003 J 12		~1	~0.000052	20,963,100	−627.24	150.0°	0.235	2003	Sheppard	Ananke
39	LXVIII	S/2017 J 7		~2	~0.00042	20,964,800	−626.56	147.3°	0.233	2017	Sheppard	Ananke
40	XLII	Thelxinoe	θɛlkˈsɪnɵʊiː	~2	~0.00042	20,976,000	−628.03	150.6°	0.228	2003	Sheppard & Gladman et al.	Ananke
41	XXIX	Thyone	θaɪˈoʊniː	~4	~0.0034	20,978,000	−627.18	147.5°	0.233	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
42	—	S/2003 J 2		~2	~0.00042	20,997,700	−628.79	150.2°	0.225	2003	Sheppard	Ananke
43	XII	Ananke	əˈnæŋkiː	29.1	~1.3	21,034,500	−629.79	147.6°	0.237	1951	Nicholson	Ananke
44	—	S/2022 J 3		~1	~0.000052	21,047,700	−630.67	148.2°	0.249	2022	Sheppard	Ananke
45	XXIV	Iocaste	ˌaɪ.ɵˈkæstiː	~5	~0.0065	21,066,700	−631.59	148.8°	0.227	2000	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
46	XXX	Hermippe	hɚˈmɪpiː	~4	~0.0034	21,108,500	−633.90	150.2°	0.219	2001	Sheppard et al.	Ananke
47	LXX	S/2017 J 9		~3	~0.0014	21,768,700	−666.11	155.5°	0.200	2017	Sheppard	Ananke
48	LVIII	Philophrosyne	fɪləˈfrɒzəniː	~2	~0.00042	22,604,600	−702.54	146.3°	0.229	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
49	—	S/2016 J 3		~2	~0.00042	22,719,300	−713.64	164.6°	0.251	2016	Sheppard	Carme
50	—	S/2022 J 1		~1	~0.000052	22,725,200	−738.33	164.5°	0.257	2022	Sheppard	Carme
51	XXXVIII	Pasithee	pəˈsɪθɨ.iː	~2	~0.00042	22,846,700	−719.47	164.6°	0.270	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
52	LXIX	S/2017 J 8		~1	~0.000052	22,849,500	−719.76	164.8°	0.255	2017	Sheppard	Carme
53	—	S/2021 J 6		~1	~0.000052	22,870,300	−720.97	164.9°	0.271	2021	Sheppard et al.	Carme
54	—	S/2003 J 24		~2	~0.00042	22,887,400	−721.60	164.5°	0.259	2003	Sheppard et al.	Carme
55	XXXII	Eurydome	jʊˈrɪdəmiː	~3	~0.0014	22,899,000	−717.31	149.1°	0.294	2001	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
56	LVI	S/2011 J 2		~1	~0.000052	22,909,200	−718.32	151.9°	0.355	2011	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
57	—	S/2003 J 4		~2	~0.00042	22,926,500	−718.10	148.2°	0.328	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
58	XXI	Chaldene	kælˈdiːniː	~4	~0.0034	22,930,500	−723.71	164.7°	0.265	2000	Sheppard et al.	Carme
59	LXIII	S/2017 J 2		~2	~0.00042	22,953,200	−724.71	164.5°	0.272	2017	Sheppard	Carme
60	XXVI	Isonoe	aɪˈsɒnɵʊiː	~4	~0.0034	22,981,300	−726.27	164.8°	0.249	2000	Sheppard et al.	Carme
61	—	S/2022 J 2		~1	~0.000052	23,013,800	−781.56	164.7°	0.265	2022	Sheppard	Carme
62	—	S/2021 J 4		~1	~0.000052	23,019,700	−728.28	164.6°	0.265	2021	Sheppard	Carme
63	XLIV	Kallichore	kəˈlɪkɵriː	~2	~0.00042	23,021,800	−728.26	164.8°	0.252	2003	Sheppard	Carme
64	XXV	Erinome	ɨˈrɪnɵmiː	~3	~0.0014	23,032,900	−728.48	164.4°	0.276	2000	Sheppard et al.	Carme
65	XXXVII	Kale	ˈkeɪliː	~2	~0.00042	23,052,600	−729.64	164.6°	0.262	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
66	LVII	Eirene	aɪˈriːniː	~4	~0.0034	23,055,800	−729.84	164.6°	0.258	2003	Sheppard	Carme
67	XXXI	Aitne	ˈaɪtniː	~3	~0.0014	23,064,400	−730.10	164.6°	0.277	2001	Sheppard et al.	Carme
68	XLVII	Eukelade	juːˈkɛlədiː	~4	~0.0034	23,067,400	−730.30	164.6°	0.277	2003	Sheppard	Carme
69	XLIII	Arche	ˈɑrkiː	~3	~0.0014	23,097,800	−731.88	164.6°	0.261	2002	Sheppard	Carme
70	XX	Taygete	teiˈɪdʒɨtiː	~5	~0.0065	23,108,000	−732.45	164.7°	0.253	2000	Sheppard et al.	Carme
71	—	S/2016 J 4		~1	~0.000052	23,113,800	−727.01	147.1°	0.294	2016	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
72	LXXII	S/2011 J 1		~2	~0.00042	23,124,500	−733.21	164.6°	0.271	2011	Sheppard	Carme
73	XI	Carme	ˈkɑrmiː	46.7	~5.3	23,144,400	−734.19	164.6°	0.256	1938	Nicholson	Carme
74	L	Herse	ˈhɜːrsiː	~2	~0.00042	23,150,500	−734.52	164.4°	0.262	2003	Gladman et al.	Carme
75	LXI	S/2003 J 19		~2	~0.00042	23,156,400	−734.78	164.7°	0.265	2003	Gladman	Carme
76	LI	S/2010 J 1		~2	~0.00042	23,189,800	−736.51	164.5°	0.252	2010	Jacobson et al.	Carme
77	—	S/2003 J 9		~1	~0.000052	23,199,400	−736.86	164.8°	0.263	2003	Sheppard	Carme
78	LXVI	S/2017 J 5		~2	~0.00042	23,206,200	−737.28	164.8°	0.257	2017	Sheppard	Carme
79	LXVII	S/2017 J 6		~2	~0.00042	23,245,300	−733.99	149.7°	0.336	2017	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
80	XXIII	Kalyke	ˈkælɨkiː	6.9	~0.017	23,302,600	−742.02	164.8°	0.260	2000	Sheppard et al.	Carme
81	XXXIX	Hegemone	hɨˈdʒɛməniː	~3	~0.0014	23,348,700	−739.81	152.6°	0.358	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
82	—	S/2018 J 3		~1	~0.000052	23,400,300	−747.02	164.9°	0.268	2018	Sheppard	Carme
83	—	S/2021 J 5		~2	~0.00042	23,414,600	−747.74	164.9°	0.272	2021	Sheppard et al.	Carme
84	VIII	Pasiphaë	pəˈsɪfeɪ.iː	57.8	~10	23,468,200	−743.61	148.4°	0.412	1908	Melotte	Pasiphaë
85	XXXVI	Sponde	ˈspɒndiː	~2	~0.00042	23,543,300	−748.29	149.3°	0.322	2001	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
86	—	S/2003 J 10		~2	~0.00042	23,576,300	−755.43	164.4°	0.264	2003	Sheppard	Carme
87	XIX	Megaclite	ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː	~5	~0.0065	23,644,600	−752.86	149.8°	0.421	2000	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
88	XLVIII	Cyllene	sɨˈliːniː	~2	~0.00042	23,654,700	−751.97	146.8°	0.419	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
89	IX	Sinope	sɨˈnoʊpiː	35	~2.2	23,683,900	−758.85	157.3°	0.264	1914	Nicholson	Pasiphaë
90	LIX	S/2017 J 1		~2	~0.00042	23,744,800	−756.41	145.8°	0.328	2017	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
91	XLI	Aoede	eɪˈiːdiː	~4	~0.0034	23,744,800	−761.46	155.7°	0.436	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
92	XXVIII	Autonoe	ɔːˈtɒnɵʊiː	~4	~0.0034	23,792,500	−761.00	150.8°	0.330	2001	Sheppard et al.	Pasiphaë
93	XVII	Callirrhoe	kəˈlɪrɵʊiː	9.6	~0.046	23,795,500	−758.86	145.1°	0.297	1999	Scotti et al.	Pasiphaë
94	—	S/2003 J 23		~2	~0.00042	23,829,300	−760.00	144.7°	0.313	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphaë
95	XLIX	Kore	ˈkoʊriː	~2	~0.00042	24,205,200	−776.76	141.5°	0.328	2003	Sheppard	Pasiphaë

Notes

↑ Label refers to the Roman numeral attributed to each moon in order of their discovery.
↑ Diameters with multiple entries such as "60×40×34" reflect that the body is not a perfect spheroid and that each of its dimensions have been measured well enough.
↑ Periods with negative values are retrograde.
↑ "?" refers to group assignments that are not considered sure yet.

References

↑ Sheppard, Scott S. "The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page". Carnegie Institution, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
↑ Science, Carnegie (16 July 2018). "A dozen new moons of Jupiter discovered, including one "oddball"". Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
↑ Roberts, Glenn (16 March 2023). "ATLANTIC SKIES: All in the family — the number of moons orbiting around Jupiter keeps growing and growing". www.saltwire.com.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 "Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service". IAU: Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2008-09-03. Note: some semi-major axis were computed using the µ value, while the eccentricities were taken using the inclination to the local Laplace plane
↑ Sheppard, Scott S. "Jupiter's Known Satellites". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Carniege Institution for science. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). U.S. Geological Survey. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Obrest, J.; Simon, J.L.; Standish, E.M.; Stooke, P. ; Thomas, P.C. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2008-08-31.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Label refers to the Roman numeral attributed to each moon in order of their discovery.

[5] Diameters with multiple entries such as "60×40×34" reflect that the body is not a perfect spheroid and that each of its dimensions have been measured well enough.

[7] Periods with negative values are retrograde.

[10] "?" refers to group assignments that are not considered sure yet.

[shep-main-1] Sheppard, Scott S. "The Jupiter Satellite and Moon Page". Carnegie Institution, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[carnegie-2] Science, Carnegie (16 July 2018). "A dozen new moons of Jupiter discovered, including one "oddball"". Carnegie Institution for Science. Retrieved 17 July 2018.

[3] Roberts, Glenn (16 March 2023). "ATLANTIC SKIES: All in the family — the number of moons orbiting around Jupiter keeps growing and growing". www.saltwire.com.

[inner-6] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 "Natural Satellites Ephemeris Service". IAU: Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2008-09-03. Note: some semi-major axis were computed using the µ value, while the eccentricities were taken using the inclination to the local Laplace plane

[shep-8] Sheppard, Scott S. "Jupiter's Known Satellites". Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Carniege Institution for science. Retrieved 2008-08-28.

[discovered-9] 6.0 ^6.1 "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). U.S. Geological Survey. 2008-11-07. Retrieved 2008-08-02.

[inclination-11] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Obrest, J.; Simon, J.L.; Standish, E.M.; Stooke, P. ; Thomas, P.C. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2008-08-31.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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