Prime Minister of Estonia

Head of Government in Estonia

The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: peaminister, literally Main Minister or Head Minister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Parliament.

Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia
Eesti Vabariigi peaminister
Incumbent
Kristen Michal

since 23 July 2024
Member ofEuropean Council
ResidenceStenbock House, Tallinn
AppointerPresident of Estonia
Term lengthNo term limits. Parliamentary elections held every four years.
Inaugural holderKonstantin Päts
Formation24 February 1918
Salary€5,288 monthly[1]
Websitehttp://valitsus.ee/

The current Prime Minister is Kristen Michal of the Reform Party.

List of prime ministers (since 1990)

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1990–present

change
Portrait Name Term of office Political party Cabinet Riigikogu
(Election)
Separate
Head of State
Took office Left office Days
2nd Soviet Occupation
(See Estonian Government in Exile)
Edgar Savisaar
(1950–2022)
1st Prime Minister
of the Interim Government
3 April 1990
[Note 1]
29 January 1992 668 Popular Front of Estonia
(RR)
[Note 2]
Estonian People's Centre Party
(ERKE)
Savisaar Interim
various coalition partners
Supreme
Soviet
(1990)

[Note 3]
Chairman of the
Supreme Soviet
Chairman of the
Supreme Council

Arnold Rüütel
[Note 3]
  Tiit Vähi
(born 1947)
2nd Prime Minister
of the Interim Government
29 January 1992 21 October 1992 266 None Vähi Interim
various coalition partners
President
Lennart Georg Meri
(1992–2001)
[Note 4]
9   Mart Laar
(born 1960)
9th Prime Minister
21 October 1992 8 November 1994 749 Pro Patria
(I)
[Note 5]
Pro Patria National Coalition Party
(RKEI)
Laar I

IMERSP
RKEIMERSP
RKEIMERSPELDP
RKEIMERSP–(ELDP)
RKEIMERSPELDP
[Note 6]
[Note 7]

VII
(1992)
10   Andres Tarand
(born 1940)
10th Prime Minister
8 November 1994 17 April 1995 161 Moderates
(M)
[Note 6]
Tarand
MRKEIERSPELDPVKRE
[Note 6]
11   Tiit Vähi
(born 1947)
11th Prime Minister
(2nd term)
17 April 1995 6 November 1995 701 Coalition Party and
Country People's Alliance

(KMÜ)
Vähi I
KMÜKE
VIII
(1995)
6 November 1995 17 March 1997 Vähi II
KMÜREF
KMÜ
KMÜAP
[Note 8]
12   Mart Siimann
(born 1946)
12th Prime Minister
17 March 1997 25 March 1999 739 Coalition Party and
Country People's Alliance

(KMÜ)
Siimann
KMÜ–AP
13   Mart Laar
(born 1960)
13th Prime Minister
(2nd term)
25 March 1999 28 January 2002 1,041 Pro Patria Union
(IL)
Laar II
ILMREF
IX
(1999)
President
Arnold Rüütel
(2001–2006)
[Note 4]
14   Siim Kallas
(born 1948)
14th Prime Minister
28 January 2002 10 April 2003 438 Reform Party
(REF)
S. Kallas
REFKE
15   Juhan Parts
(born 1966)
15th Prime Minister
10 April 2003 12 April 2005 735 Res Publica Party
(RES)
Parts
RESREFRL
X
(2003)
16   Andrus Ansip
(born 1956)
16th Prime Minister
12 April 2005 5 April 2007 3,271 Reform Party
(REF)
Ansip I
REFKERL
President
Toomas Hendrik Ilves
(2006–2016)
[Note 4]
5 April 2007 6 April 2011 Ansip II
REFIRLSDE
REFIRL
[Note 9]
XI
(2007)
6 April 2011 26 March 2014 Ansip III
REFIRL
XII
(2011)
17   Taavi Rõivas
(born 1979)
17th Prime Minister
26 March 2014 9 April 2015 973 Reform Party
(REF)
Rõivas I
REFSDE
9 April 2015 23 November 2016 Rõivas II
REFSDEIRL
XIII
(2015)
President
Kersti Kaljulaid
(2016–2021)
18   Jüri Ratas
(born 1978)
18th Prime Minister
23 November 2016 29 April 2019 1525 Centre Party
(KE)
Ratas I
KESDEIRL
KESDEI
[Note 10]
29 April 2019 26 January 2021 Ratas II
KEEKREI
XIV
(2019)
19   Kaja Kallas
(born 1977)
19th Prime Minister
26 January 2021 14 July 2022 1401 Reform Party
(REF)
K. Kallas I
REFKE
REF
[Note 11]
President
Alar Karis
(2021–)
18 July 2022 17 April 2023 K. Kallas II
REFSDEI
17 April 2023 23 July 2024 K. Kallas III
REFE200SDE
XV
(2023)
20   Kristen Michal
(born 1975)
20th Prime Minister
23 July 2024 Incumbent 127 Reform Party
(REF)
Michal
REFE200SDE
  1. The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR on 30 March 1990 declared Soviet rule to have been illegal since 1940 and declared a transition period for full independence. Full independence was restored on 20 August 1991.
  2. The Popular Front of Estonia formed the Estonian People's Centre Party on 12 October 1991.
  3. 3.0 3.1 The "Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic" was renamed the "Republic of Estonia" on 8 May 1990 and thus the translation of the Ülemnõukogu was changed from "Supreme Soviet" to "Supreme Council".
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 President left the party upon assuming office.
  5. The electoral alliance "Pro Patria" formed the Pro Patria National Coalition Party on 21 November 1992.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 The electoral alliance "Moderates" (M) consisted of the Social Democratic Party (ESDP) and the Estonian Rural Centre Party (EMKE).
  7. The Estonian Liberal Democratic Party (ELDP) joined the coalition on 11 January 1994. Its ministers resigned on 21 June 1994, but the party decided to remain in the coalition and named a minister on 27 June 1994.
  8. The Estonian Reform Party (REF) left the coalition on 1 December 1996. The Progress Party (AP) joined the coalition on 9 December 1996.
  9. The Social Democratic Party (SDE) left the coalition on 21 May 2009.
  10. The Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica was renamed Party Pro Patria on 2 June 2018.
  11. The Centre Party left the coalition on 3 June 2022.

References

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  1. "Riigikogu liikmete ja teiste kõrgemate riigiteenijate palk ei muutu". Postimees. 15 March 2017.