Sudan

country in Northeast Africa

Sudan is a country in Africa. The official name of Sudan is The Republic of the Sudan. Its capital and largest city is Khartoum.

Republic of the Sudan
جمهورية السودان (Arabic)
Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān
Flag of Sudan
Flag
Emblem of Sudan
Emblem
Motto: النصر لنا (Arabic)
an-Naṣr lanā
"Victory is Ours"
Anthem: نحن جند الله، جند الوطن (Arabic)
Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan
(English: "We Are the Soldiers of God, the Soldiers of the Nation")
Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green.
Sudan in dark green, disputed regions in light green.
CapitalKhartoum
15°38′N 032°32′E / 15.633°N 32.533°E / 15.633; 32.533
Largest cityOmdurman
Official languages
  • Arabic
  • English
National languageSudanese Arabic
Ethnic groups
Demonym(s)Sudanese
GovernmentFederal presidential constitutional republic
• President
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
Malik Agar
• Second Vice President
Shams al-Din Khabbashi
Osman Hussein (acting)
LegislatureTransitional Legislative Council
Formation
1070 BC
1885
1899
• Independence and end of the Anglo-Egyptian rule
1 January 1956
• Secession of South Sudan
9 July 2011
Area
• Total
1,886,068 km2 (728,215 sq mi) (15th)
Population
• 2021 estimate
Neutral increase 44,909,353[4] (33rd)
• 2008 census
30,894,000 (disputed)[5]
• Density
21.3/km2 (55.2/sq mi) (202nd)
GDP (PPP)2018 estimate
• Total
$177.678 billion[6]
• Per capita
$4,232[7]
GDP (nominal)2018 estimate
• Total
$33.903 billion[8]
• Per capita
$808[9]
Gini (2014)Positive decrease 34.2[10]
medium
HDI (2019)Increase 0.510[11]
low · 170th
CurrencySudanese pound (SDG)
Time zoneUTC+2 (CAT)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+249
ISO 3166 codeSD
Internet TLD.sd
سودان.

İslam is its largest religion.

Geography

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Sudan borders by Egypt to the north, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. Sudan has a sea to the northeast called the Red Sea.

Sudan used to have the largest area of all the countries in Africa. However, on July 9, 2011, the southern part of the country left and became a new country, South Sudan. Sudan now has an area of 1,861,484 square kilometres (718,723 square miles).[12] It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The Nile flows through Sudan, providing water to crops. There are many different tribal and ethnic groups, though the country is mainly divided between the north, which has more Arabic people, and the south, which has more people of African descent.

Culture

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House of a Sudanese nomad family

People from Sudan are called Sudanese. About 45 million people live in Sudan. Almost two million people live in the capital Khartoum.[13]

Arabic is the official language of Sudan. Most of the people speak in the Sudanese dialect, which is known as Sudanese Arabic. Beja and Hausa are other Afro-Asiatic languages that are spoken in certain parts of the country. Dinka and Nuer are the main Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in Sudan. Several Nubian and Niger-Congo languages are also spoken. As a former colony of Great Britain, English is also spoken throughout the country.[14]

Islam is the official state religion and the majority of Sudanese are Muslims, mostly Sunni. Along the southern border there are also people who are Christian or animist.[15]

The currency of Sudan is called the Sudanese Pound (SDG) (Jinneh Sudani).[16]

For several years, the Darfur conflict has been going on in Sudan. Over 400,000 people have died in it.

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References

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  1. "People and Society CIA world factbook". 8 March 2022.
  2. "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء" (PDF).
  3. "Sudanese Fulani in Sudan".
  4. "Sudan Population 2021".
  5. "Discontent over Sudan census". News24. Cape Town. Agence France-Presse. 21 May 2009. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
  6. "Sudan". International Monetary Fund.
  7. "Sudan". International Monetary Fund.
  8. "Sudan". International Monetary Fund.
  9. "Sudan". International Monetary Fund.
  10. "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  11. Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  12. "CIA - The World Factbook". cia.gov. 2011. Archived from the original on February 5, 2019. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  13. "Sudan Population (2022) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  14. "What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan?". WorldAtlas. 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  15. "North Sudanese Culture". Cultural Atlas. Retrieved 2022-05-03.
  16. "Sudanese Pound (SDG) Definition". Investopedia. Retrieved 2022-05-03.

Other websites

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  Media related to Sudan at Wikimedia Commons