Names of large numbers

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Numbers that are larger than one million are usually either represented using scientific notation, or by words.[1]

There are two main ways of using words to write large numbers. The American way or "Short form" for naming large numbers is different from the European way or "Long form" of naming large numbers. This is mainly because of American finance. Short form numbering is based on thousands and Long form is based on millions. Because of this, in Short form a billion is one thousand millions (109) while in Long form it is one million millions (1012).[source?]

The change in the United Kingdom to Short form numbering happened in 1974. Today, Short form is most commonly used in most English speaking countries.[source?]

Some examples

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Number Scientific notation Grouping
6 000 000 000 000 000 6 × 1015 6 quadrillion
765 476 250 000 000 7.6547625 × 1014 765 trillion, 476 billion, 250 million
123 456 789 1.23456789 × 108 123 million, 456 thousand, 789
145 000 1.45 × 105 145 thousand

Names for large numbers

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Scientific
notation
American name

(Short Form)

Old European name

(Long Form)

Old-British name SI Symbol Metric prefix
100 One One One
101 Ten Ten Ten da Deca-
102 Hundred Hundred Hundred c Cent-
103 Thousand Thousand Thousand k Kilo-
104 Ten thousand Ten thousand Ten thousand
105 Hundred thousand Hundred thousand Hundred thousand
106 Million Million Million M Mega-
109 Billion Milliard Thousand million G Giga-
1012 Trillion Billion Billion T Tera-
1015 Quadrillion Billiard Thousand billion P Peta-
1018 Quintillion Trillion Trillion E Exa-
1021 Sextillion Trilliard Thousand trillion Z Zetta-
1024 Septillion Quadrillion Quadrillion Y Yotta-
1027 Octillion Quadrilliard Thousand quadrillion R Ronna-
1030 Nonillion Quintillion Quintillion Q Quetta-
1033 Decillion Quintilliard Thousand quintillion
1036 Undecillion Sextillion Sextillion
1039 Duodecillion Sextilliard Thousand sextillion
1042 Tredecillion Septillion Septillion
1045 Quattuordecillion Septilliard Thousand septillion
1048 Quindecillion Octillion Octillion
1051 Sexdecillion Octilliard Thousand octillion
1054 Septendecillion Nonillion Nonillion
1057 Octodecillion Nonilliard Thousand nonillion
1060 Novemdecillion Decillion Decillion
1063 Vigintillion Decilliard Thousand decillion
1066 Unvigintillion Undecillion Undecillion
1069 Duovigintillion Undecilliard Thousand undecillion
1072 Trevigintillion Duodecillion Duodecillion
1075 Quattuorvigintillion Duodecilliard Thousand duodecillion
1078 Quinvigintillion Tredecillion Tredecillion
1081 Sexvigintillion Tredecilliard Thousand tredecillion
1084 Septenvigintillion Quattuordecillion Quattuordecillion
1087 Octovigintillion Quattuordecilliard Thousand quattuordecillion
1090 Novemvigintillion Quindecillion Quindecillion
1093 Trigintillion Quindecilliard Thousand quindecillion
1096 Untrigintillion Sexdecillion Sexdecillion
1099 Duotrigintillion Sexdecilliard Thousand sexdecillion
10100 Googol Googol Googol
10102 Tretrigintillion Septendecillion Septendecillion
10105 Quattuortrigintillion Septendecilliard Thousand septendecillion
10108 Quintrigintillion Octodecillion Octodecillion
10111 Sextrigintillion Octodecilliard Thousand octodecillion
10114 Septentrigintillion Novemdecillion Novemdecillion
10117 Octotrigintillion Novemdecilliard Thousand novemdecillion
10120 Novemtrigintillion Vigintillion Vigintillion
10123 Quadragintillion Vigintilliard Thousand vigintillion
10126 Unquadragintillion Unvigintillion Unvigintillion
10153 Quinquagintillion Quinvigintilliard
10183 Sexagintillion Trigintilliard
10213 Septuagintillion Quintrigintilliard
10243 Octogintillion Quadragintilliard
10273 Nonagintillion Quinquadragintilliard
10303 Centillion Quinquagintilliard
10306 Cenuntillion Quinquagintilliard Unquinquagintillion
10603 Ducentillion
10903 Trecentillion
101203 Quadringentillion
101503 Quingentillion
101803 Sescentillion
102103 Septingentillion
102403 Octingentillion
102703 Nongentillion
103003 Millinillion
1010100 Googolplex
10101034 Skewes' Number
10googolplex Googolplexplex

There is also the number googol, which is a 1 with 100 zeros behind it (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000), and the number googolplex, which is a 1 with a googol of zeros behind it, (1010,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) (1010100). The number googolplexplex, is a 1 with a googolplex number of zeros behind it.

The name centillion was devised in the 19th century for the 100th "illion", being 10303 in short form and 10600 in long form, and is much bigger than googol.

History

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Numbers were first used by prehistoric tribes. Those prehistoric tribes invented numbers as a way to measure and calculate items, something which required counting. More advanced prehistoric tribes would later invented mathematics and they started adding, subtracting, multiplying, as a way to measure and calculate more advanced and complex items and certain fields. Large numbers were first used by ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Akkad, Babylonia, the Hittite Empire, Rome, and Greece, for measuring and calculating items. As civilizations grew more complex, numbers did as well.[source?]

The words bymillion and trimillion, and millions were first written to describe extremely large numbers in 1475 by Jehan Adam. In 1484, Nicolas Chuquet used the words million, byllion, trillion, and even further to write and describe way much larger numbers.[2] Adam and Chuquet both used long scale. For example, Adam's bymillion (Chuquet's byllion) was used to write 1012.[3] While these were the first writings that used these words, Adam and Chuquet were probably not the creators of the words. The word million comes from the Old Italian millione.[2][4] These words were also probably commonly used before the books were written.[2]

References

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  1. "Names of Large Numbers | Billion, Trillion, Googolplex | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Flegg, Graham (1985). Flegg, Cynthia; Moss, Barbara (eds.). Nicolas Chuquet, Renaissance Mathematician. D. Reidel. p. 29. ISBN 978-90-277-1872-3.
  3. "Large Numbers -- Notes (page 2) at MROB". www.mrob.com. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  4. "Definition of MILLION". www.merriam-webster.com. 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2024-05-30.

Other websites

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