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User:Immanuelle/Sarume clan

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Immanuelle/Sarume clan
Sarutahiko Shrine, the traditional shrine of the family
Sarume shrine, a subshrine of Sarutahiko Shrine, the traditional shrine of the family[1][2][3][4]
Home provinceIse Province
FounderAma-no-Uzume and Sarutahiko Ōkami [en; simple; fr]

The Sarume clan [simple; en:draft; ja; fr] was a Japanese clan[5]. They were founded by and descend from Ama-no-Uzume and Sarutahiko Ōkami [en; simple; fr], and are known for their female ritualists.[6][7][8][9] They are sometimes identified with Miko or seen as their predecessors.[10][11] Their female dancers did many dances that eventually seemed to fuse with the ceremonies of the Miko. Later on records of the Sarume [simple; en:draft; ja; fr] disappeared.[12]

There is a Sarume [simple; en:draft; ja; fr] shrine which is a subshrine of Sarutahiko Shrine dedicated to them.[1][2][3][4]

Overview

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The Sarume [simple; en:draft; ja; fr] are known in Japanese mythology as descendants of Ame no Uzume, a deity celebrated for her pivotal role in the myth of Amaterasu, the sun goddess, retreating into the Ama-no-Iwato (heavenly rock cave). .[13]: 53–68 

Sarume women were associated with Kagura [en; simple] dances being done during enthronement rites.[13]: 25–26  In the Department of Divinities there was this organization.[13]: 35 .[13]: 25–26 

  • Nakatomi clan [ja; en; simple; fr]: Later known as the Fujiwara [en], they specialized in reciting prayers to the Kami, with a divine lineage tracing back to Ame no Koyane [en] no Mikoto..[13]: 25–26 
    • In his book Jinja to kodai ōken saishi (1989). Iwao Ōwa [ja] goes on to theorize that the Ō clan [ja; en] (多氏, Ō no uji, also written as 大氏) was originally ōmi (大忌, "greater taboo (priesthood)"), but was usurped by the Nakatomi clan [ja; en; simple; fr] who were among the "lesser priesthood" (the latter claims descent from the Inbe clan (忌部氏)).[15]
    • Takemikazuchi was originally a local god (kuni-tsu-kami) revered by the Ō clan [ja; en] (多氏, Ō no uji, also written as 大氏),[15] and was a god of maritime travel.[15] However, the Nakatomi clan [ja; en; simple; fr] who also has roots in this region, and when they took over control of priestly duties from the Ō clan, they also instituted Takemikazuchi as the Nakatomi clan's ujigami (clan deity). Or so this is the observation by Iwao Ōwa [ja][15]

All of these clans are descended from figures who played significant roles in the Tenson korin [en] and accompanied Ninigi during his descent, and many of them (Sarume clan [simple; en:draft; ja; fr], Inbe clan, Nakatomi clan [ja; en; simple; fr], and Urabe clan [ja; en; simple; fr]) descend from figures (Ame no Uzume, Futodama, Ame no Koyane [en], and Ame no Koyane [en] respectively) played roles in the myth of Amaterasu in the cave.[13]: 59 

The Mononobe clan [en] considered themselves excluded from this, and their ancestor Nigihayahi [fr; simple] was excluded. For this reason they wrote the Kujiki [en]. They were highly influential in the development of the department of divinities, but they were not a priestly clan. The Inbe felt their role was minimized so they wrote the Kogo Shui [en] to improve their position too.[13]

History

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Sarutahiko and Ame no Uzume, the founders of the clan

The tales tell of great rivalry between Amaterasu and Susano'o. When he was to leave Heaven forever because Izanagi ordered him to, he went to say goodbye to his sister. Amaterasu, suspicious, proposed him a challenge: each of them was to turn an object of the other's into people. Amaterasu created three women from Susanoo's sword while he created five men from her necklace. Amaterasu said the men were hers because they were born of her necklace. Susano'o destroyed her rice fields, threw a dead pony into her loom, and killed one of her assistants in anger. For this, Amaterasu, sad, angry and scared, went to hide inside Ama-no-Iwato, the "heavenly rock cave", so the Sun was hidden and the world became dark for a long time. The Oni (devils of Japanese mythology) came out to the dark world, and the gods could not make Amaterasu come out of the cave..[13]: 53–68 

The intelligent goddess of happiness, Ama-no-Uzume (天宇受売命), took a big bucket, turned it upside down near the cave entrance, and began a dance on it, tearing off her clothing in front of the other Kami. They thought this was so funny that they laughed happily..[13]: 53–68 

Amaterasu heard them, and looked out to see why the gods were laughing. When she opened the cave, she saw her wonderful reflection in a mirror Uzume had put on a tree, and slowly came out of the cave..[13]: 53–68 

In Ancient times Amaterasu ordered Uzume to accompany her grandson Ninigi [en; simple] on his journey to earth. They headed to Ame-no-ukihashi [en; simple] ("floating bridge of heaven") so they could head to earth but they were blocked by Sarutahiko Ōkami [en; simple; fr]. Uzume came and persuaded Sarutahiko to let Ninigi pass, in other versions of the story Uzume flirts with Sarutahiko.

Later, Ama-no-Uzume and Sarutahiko fall in love and get married. Together, they found the Sarume clan [simple; en:draft; ja; fr].[6][7][8]

The Kogo Shui says that this is the origin of a rite done by the Sarume [simple; en:draft; ja; fr].[9]

The Kojiki says that during her time in Ise, Uzume ensured the fish pledged their allegiance to Ninigi. The sea cucumber, lacking a mouth, was unable to speak, so Uzume cut a mouth for it. This narrative depicts the Sarume no kimi as the initial recipients of offerings at Ise.[9]

Later in their history they are said to have interbred with the Wani clan [en; simple][16] Which is believed to be related to Wani dragons [en; simple], with Naniwa-neko Takefurukuma described as an ancestor. Marrying women of the Wani clan was believed to give the Emperor control over the sea.[17]: 149-150  The wani clan had a similar religious role to the Sarume clan [simple; en:draft; ja; fr] as mediums, so many women of the Sarume clan [simple; en:draft; ja; fr] had husbands of the Wani clan perform ritual roles as substitutes for men of the Sarume clan [simple; en:draft; ja; fr].[17]: 168  Their female dancers did many dances that eventually seemed to fuse with the ceremonies of the Miko. Later on records of the Sarume disappeared.[12]

Sarutahiko Shrine in Ise is linked to the same founding myth. The priests of the shrine are said to also be descendants of Sarutahiko Ōkami [en; simple; fr].[18] who it worships.[19]

There is a Sarume shrine which is a subshrine of Sarutahiko Shrine dedicated to them.[1][2][3][4]

See Also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Sarutahiko Shrine | Ise City Tourism Association". web.archive.org. 2023-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Sarume Shrine | Ise City Tourism Association". web.archive.org. 2022-12-01. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Dedicated to Sarutahiko Okami, the Kami of Guidance｜みちひらきの大神 猿田彦神社". web.archive.org. 2023-12-09. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "What is Sarutahiko-JinjaShrine Shrine and Sarume-JinjaShrine shrines where the strongest blessings reside that are essential for visiting Ise? | Interview report | Kanko Mie (Kanko Mie)". www.kankomie.or.jp. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  5. ↑ "Sarume Clan • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Picken, Stuart D. B. (2004). Sourcebook in Shinto: Selected Documents. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-26432-0.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Roberts, Jeremy (2009). Japanese Mythology A to Z. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2802-3.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013-07-04). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-96397-2.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  10. ↑ Kárpáti, János (2013). "Music of Female Shamans in Japan". Studia Musicologica. 54 (3): 225–256. ISSN 1788-6244.
  11. ↑ Averbuch, Irit (1998). "Shamanic Dance in Japan: The Choreography of Possession in Kagura Performance". Asian Folklore Studies. 57 (2): 293–329. doi:10.2307/1178756. ISSN 0385-2342.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Ortolani, Benito (1995). The Japanese Theatre: From Shamanistic Ritual to Contemporary Pluralism. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04333-3.
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 Hardacre, Helen (2017). Shinto: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062171-1.
  14. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 小向, 正司 (1992). 神道の本. Books Esoterica. Vol. 2. 学研. pp. 76–7.(zasshi code 66951-07; kyōtsu zasshi code T10-66951-07-1000)
  16. ↑ Akima, Toshio (1993). "The Origins of the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Cult of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami". Japan Review (4): 141–198. ISSN 0915-0986.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Akima, Toshio (1993). "The Origins of the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Cult of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami". Japan Review (4): 141–198. ISSN 0915-0986.
  18. ↑ "Dedicated to Sarutahiko Okami, the Kami of Guidance｜みちひらきの大神 猿田彦神社". www.sarutahikojinja.or.jp. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  19. ↑ "Sarutahiko | 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム". 2022-01-22. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
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