Wikipedia

Bilabial nasal

type of consonantal sound

The bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is used in almost all spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨m⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m⟩. We can find the bilabial nasal in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum.

Bilabial nasal
m
IPA number114
Encoding
Entity (decimal)m
Unicode (hex)U+006D
X-SAMPAm
Kirshenbaumm
Sound
 

Nearly all languages contain this sound. A few languages (for example, Mohawk) do not often use this sound.

These are some examples of where the bilabial nasal occurs in various languages:

Language Word IPA Meaning
Arabic Standard[1] مطابخ [mɑˈtˤɑːbiχ] 'kitchens'
Catalan[2] [mare] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈmaɾə] 'mother'
Chinese Cantonese 晚/[maan5] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [maːn˩˧] 'night'
Mandarin 母親/[mǔqīn] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [mu˨˩ tɕʰin˥] 'mother'
Dutch[3] [mond] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [mɔnt] 'mouth'
English [him] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [hɪm] 'him'
Finnish [minä] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [minæ] 'I'
French[4] [manger] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [mɑ̃ʒe] 'to eat'
Georgian[5] სამი [ˈsɑmi] 'three'
Greek[6] [μάζα/maza] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈmaza] 'clump'
Hawaiian[7] [maka] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [maka] 'eye'
Indonesian[8] [masuk] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈmasuʔ] 'enter'
Italian[9] [mamma] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈmamma] 'mamma'
Japanese[10] 乾杯/[kampai] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [kampai] 'a toast'
Malay [malam] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [malam] 'night'
Malayalam[7] കമ്മി [kəmmi] 'shortage'
Polish[11] [masa] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈmasa] (help·info) 'mass'
Portuguese[12] [mato] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ˈmatu] 'bush'
Russian[13] муж [muʂ] 'husband'
Spanish[14] [grumete] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [ɡɾuˈme̞te̞] 'cabin boy'
Vietnamese[15] [muối] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) [mwoj˧ˀ˥] 'salt'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[16] man [maŋ] 'animal'

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37
  2. ↑ Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
  3. ↑ Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
  4. ↑ Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
  5. ↑ Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
  6. ↑ Newton, Brian (1972), The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology, Cabridge Studies in Linguistics, 8, Cambridge University Press, p. 10
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell, pp. 139, 165
  8. ↑ Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008), "Illustrations of the IPA:Indonesian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (2): 210
  9. ↑ Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  10. ↑ Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 21 (2): 94
  11. ↑ Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  12. ↑ Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 91, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
  13. ↑ Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 42, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505
  14. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  15. ↑ Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 458–461, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
  16. ↑ Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 108
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