Bilabial nasal
type of consonantal sound
The bilabial nasal is a type of consonant. It is used in almost all spoken languages. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨m⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨m⟩. We can find the bilabial nasal in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and rum.
| Bilabial nasal | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| m | |||
| |||
| IPA number | 114 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | m | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+006D | ||
| X-SAMPA | m | ||
| Kirshenbaum | m | ||
| Sound | |||
Nearly all languages contain this sound. A few languages (for example, Mohawk) do not often use this sound.
These are some examples of where the bilabial nasal occurs in various languages:
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | Standard[1] | مطابخ | [mɑˈtˤɑːbiχ] | 'kitchens' |
| Catalan[2] | [mare] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmaɾə] | 'mother' | |
| Chinese | Cantonese | 晚/[maan5] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [maːn˩˧] | 'night' |
| Mandarin | 母親/[mǔqīn] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mu˨˩ tɕʰin˥] | 'mother' | |
| Dutch[3] | [mond] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mɔnt] | 'mouth' | |
| English | [him] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [hɪm] | 'him' | |
| Finnish | [minä] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [minæ] | 'I' | |
| French[4] | [manger] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mɑ̃ʒe] | 'to eat' | |
| Georgian[5] | სამი | [ˈsɑmi] | 'three' | |
| Greek[6] | [μάζα/maza] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmaza] | 'clump' | |
| Hawaiian[7] | [maka] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [maka] | 'eye' | |
| Indonesian[8] | [masuk] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmasuʔ] | 'enter' | |
| Italian[9] | [mamma] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmamma] | 'mamma' | |
| Japanese[10] | 乾杯/[kampai] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [kampai] | 'a toast' | |
| Malay | [malam] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [malam] | 'night' | |
| Malayalam[7] | കമ്മി | [kəmmi] | 'shortage' | |
| Polish[11] | [masa] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmasa] | 'mass' | |
| Portuguese[12] | [mato] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ˈmatu] | 'bush' | |
| Russian[13] | муж | [muʂ] | 'husband' | |
| Spanish[14] | [grumete] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [ɡɾuˈme̞te̞] | 'cabin boy' | |
| Vietnamese[15] | [muối] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | [mwoj˧ˀ˥] | 'salt' | |
| Zapotec | Tilquiapan[16] | man | [maŋ] | 'animal' |
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 20 (2): 37
- ↑ Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618
- ↑ Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- ↑ Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (2): 73, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004874
- ↑ Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
- ↑ Newton, Brian (1972), The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology, Cabridge Studies in Linguistics, 8, Cambridge University Press, p. 10
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell, pp. 139, 165
- ↑ Soderberg, Craig D.; Olson, Kenneth S. (2008), "Illustrations of the IPA:Indonesian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (2): 210
- ↑ Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
- ↑ Okada, Hideo (1991), "Phonetic Representation:Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 21 (2): 94
- ↑ Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
- ↑ Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 91, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223
- ↑ Padgett, Jaye (2003), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 42, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505
- ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- ↑ Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 458–461, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
- ↑ Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 108