List of numbers

Wikimedia list article

This is a list of numbers. This list will always be not finished. This happens because there are an infinite amount of numbers. Only notable numbers will be added. Numbers can be added as long as they are popular in math, history or culture.

This means that numbers can only be notable if they are a big part of history. A number isn't notable if it is only related to another number. For example, the number (3,4) is a notable number when it is a complex number (3+4i). When it is only (3,4), however, it's not notable. If a number is not important, that can also make the number important. This is called the interesting number paradox.

Natural numbers

change

Natural numbers are a type of integer. They can be used for counting. Natural numbers can also be used to find out about other number systems. The symbol N (or blackboard bold  , Unicode U+2115 DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N) is used to symbolize all of the natural numbers.. A negative number is not a natural number.

0 is argued on whether or not it is a natural number. In computer science and set theory, 0 is a natural number. In number theory, it is not. To fix this, people use the terms "non-negative integers". Non-negative integers includes the number 0. "Positive integers" does not.

Natural numbers can be used as cardinal numbers or ordinal numbers.

Table of small natural numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149
150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179
180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199
200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229
230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239
240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249
250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259
260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269
270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279
280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299
300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309
310 311 312 313 318
400 500 600 700 800 900
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000
105 106 107 108 109 1012
larger numbers, including 10100 and 1010100

Importance in math

change

Natural numbers can be important in mathematics. This might because it is part of a set. A number can also be important because it has a unique property.

List of important natural numbers in math

Importance in culture

change

Many numbers are also important in culture.[1] They can also be important for measurement.

List of important natural numbers in culture
List of natural numbers important in measurements and scales.

Classes of natural numbers

change

Prime numbers

change

A prime number is a type of natural number. It only has two divisors: 1 and itself.

The first 100 prime numbers
  2   3   5   7  11  13  17  19  23  29
 31  37  41  43  47  53  59  61  67  71
 73  79  83  89  97 101 103 107 109 113
127 131 137 139 149 151 157 163 167 173
179 181 191 193 197 199 211 223 227 229
233 239 241 251 257 263 269 271 277 281
283 293 307 311 313 317 331 337 347 349
353 359 367 373 379 383 389 397 401 409
419 421 431 433 439 443 449 457 461 463
467 479 487 491 499 503 509 521 523 541

Highly composite numbers

change

A highly composite number is a type of natural number. It has more divisors than any smaller natural number. They are used a lot in geometry, grouping, and time measurement.

The first 20 highly composite numbers are:

1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720, 840, 1260, 1680, 2520, 5040, 7560

Perfect numbers

change

A perfect number is a type of integer. It has the sum of its positive divisors (all divisors except itself).

The first 10 perfect numbers:

  1.   6
  2.   28
  3.   496
  4.   8128
  5.   33 550 336
  6.   8 589 869 056
  7.   137 438 691 328
  8.   2 305 843 008 139 952 128
  9.   2 658 455 991 569 831 744 654 692 615 953 842 176
  10.   191 561 942 608 236 107 294 793 378 084 303 638 130 997 321 548 169 216

Integers

change

Integers are a set of numbers. They usually are in arithmetic and number theory. There are many subsets of integers. These can cover natural numbers, prime numbers, perfect numbers, etc.

Popular integers are −1 and 0.

Orders of magnitude

change

Integers can be written in orders of magnitude. This can be written as 10k, where k is an integer. If k = 0, 1, 2, 3, then the powers of ten for them are 1, 10, 100 and 1000. This is used in scientific notation.

Each number has its own prefix. Each prefix has its own symbol. For example, kilo- may be added to the beginning of gram. This changes the meaning of gram to mean that the gram is 1000 times more than a gram: one kilogram is the same as 1000 grams.[3]

Number 1000m Name Symbol

0.0000000001

10-24 Yokto y

0.000000001

10-21 Zepto z

0.00000001

10-18 Atto a

0.0000001

10-15 Femto f

0.000001

10-12 Pico p

0.00001

10-9 Nano n

0.0001

10-6 Micro μ

0.001

10-3 Mili m

0.01

10-2 Centi c

0.1

10-1 Deci d

10

101 Deca da

100

102 Hecto h
1000 103 Kilo k
1000000 106 Mega M
1000000000 109 Giga G
1000000000000 1012 Tera T
1000000000000000 1015 Peta P
1000000000000000000 1018 Exa E
1000000000000000000000 1021 Zetta Z
1000000000000000000000000 1024 Yotta Y

Rational numbers

change

A rational number is a number that can be written as a fraction with two integers. The numerator is written as  . The denominator(which cannot be zero) is written as  .[4] Every integer is a rational number. This is because, in integers, 1 is always the denominator of a fraction.

Rational numbers can be written in infinitely many ways. For example, 0.12 can be written as three twenty-fifths ( ), nine seventy-fifths ( ), etc.

Table of notable rational numbers
Decimal expansion Fraction Reason
1.0     is equal to 1, a notable real number.
1
0.5     is a popular number in math. For example, you can use   to find the area of a Triangle.
3.142 857...     is a number slightly above   and is an approximation of  .
0.166 666...   One sixth is seen in a lot of equations. For example, the solution to the Basel problem uses 1/6.

Irrational numbers

change

Irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be written as a fraction. These are written as algebraic numbers or transcendental numbers.

Algebraic numbers

change
Name Expression Decimal expansion Reason
Square root of two   1.414213562373095048801688724210 The Square root of 2(also called Pythagoras' constant) is a number used in math a lot. It can be used to find the ratio of diagonal to side length in a square.
Triangular root of 2   1.561552812808830274910704927987
Phi, Golden ratio   1.618033988749894848204586834366 The golden ratio is a famous number used in both math and science.

Transcendental numbers

change
Name Symbol

or

Formula

Decimal expansion Reason
e, Euler's number e 2.718281828459045235360287471352662497757247... e is the base of a natural logarithm.
Pi π 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169... Pi is an irrational number that is the result of dividing the circumference of a circle by its diameter.

Real numbers

change

The real numbers are a superset(or category) of numbers. They cover algebraic and transcendental numbers.

Real but not known if irrational or transcendental

change
Name and symbol Decimal expansion Notes
Euler–Mascheroni constant, γ 0.577215664901532860606512090082...[5] The Euler–Mascheroni constant is used in limits and logarithms. It is thought to be transcendental but not proven to be so.
Twin prime constant, C2 0.660161815846869573927812110014...

Hypercomplex numbers

change

A hypercomplex number is a word for an element of a unital algebra over the field of real numbers.

Algebraic complex numbers

change

Transfinite numbers

change

Transfinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite". They are larger than any finite number. They are, however, not absolutely infinite.

Physical Constants

change

Physical constants are constants that can be used in the universe to figure out information.

Named numbers

change
  • Googol, 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
  • Googolplex, 10(10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
  • Graham's number, G
  • Skewes's number, S

References

change
  1. Ayonrinde, Oyedeji A.; Stefatos, Anthi; Miller, Shadé; Richer, Amanda; Nadkarni, Pallavi; She, Jennifer; Alghofaily, Ahmad; Mngoma, Nomusa (2020-06-12). "The salience and symbolism of numbers across cultural beliefs and practice". International Review of Psychiatry. 33 (1–2): 179–188. doi:10.1080/09540261.2020.1769289. ISSN 0954-0261. PMID 32527165. S2CID 219605482.
  2. "Demystified | Why a baker's dozen is thirteen". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-06-05.
  3. "What is Kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera, Peta, Exa, Zetta and All That?".
  4. Rosen, Kenneth (2007). Discrete Mathematics and its Applications (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 105, 158–160. ISBN 978-0-07-288008-3.
  5. "A001620 - OEIS". oeis.org. Retrieved 2020-10-14.

Bibliography

change

Further reading

change
  • Kingdom of Infinite Number: A Field Guide by Bryan Bunch, W.H. Freeman & Company, 2001. ISBN 0-7167-4447-3

Other Websites

change