President of Mexico

head of state of the country of Mexico

The President of Mexico (Spanish: Presidente de México), officially known as the President of the United Mexican States (Spanish: Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos),[2] is the head of state and government of Mexico.

President of the
United Mexican States
Presidente de los
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Seal of the Government of Mexico.svg
Seal of the Federal Government of Mexico
Mexican Presidential Standard.svg
Mexican Presidential Standard
LENÍN MORENO SE REÚNE CON EL LÍDER MEXICANO LÓPEZ OBRADOR (36186836092) (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Andrés Manuel López Obrador
since December 1, 2018 (2018-12-01)
Executive branch of the Mexican Government
Office of the President of Mexico
StyleMr. President (Informal)
The Honorable (formal)
His Excellency (diplomatic)
ResidenceNational Palace of Mexico
SeatMexico City,  Mexico.
AppointerFederal Electoral Tribunal
Term lengthSix years (sexenio)
Single term
Constituting instrumentConstitution of Mexico
Inaugural holderGuadalupe Victoria
FormationOctober 10, 1824
SalaryMXN$111, 990 Mexican peso per month, before taxes.[1]
WebsiteGovernment of Mexico
www.lopezobrador.org.mx
Youtube Channel

Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces. The current President is Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who took office on December 1, 2018.

List of Mexican RulerEdit

First Mexican Empire (1821–1823)Edit

First RegencyEdit

After the end of the Mexican War of Independence, a Provisional Board of Governing consisting of thirty-four persons was set up. The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire and appointed a regency composed of six people.

Regency Members[3] Took office Left office Notes
  Agustín de Iturbide September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
  Juan O'Donojú September 28, 1821 October 8, 1821 Died in office.
  Antonio Pérez Martínez October 8, 1821 April 11, 1822
  Manuel de la Barcéna September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
  José Isidro Yañez September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822
  Manuel Velázquez de León September 28, 1821 April 11, 1822

Second RegencyEdit

Regency Members Took office Left office Notes
  Agustín de Iturbide April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  José Isidro Yañez April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  Miguel Valentín April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  Manuel de Heras April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822
  Nicolás Bravo April 11, 1822 May 18, 1822

Agustín IEdit

Emperor Coat of Arms Reign Start Reign Ended Royal House Consort
  Agustín I
(1783–1824) 		  May 19, 1822 March 19, 1823 Iturbide   Ana María
(1786–1861)

Provisional Government (1823–1824)Edit

Main article: Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–24)

The Provisional Government of 1823–24 was an organization that served as the Executive in the government of Mexico after the end of the Mexican Empire of Agustín I, in 1823.[4] The organization was responsible for convening the body that created the Federal Republic and existed from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.[5]

Provisional Government Head of State[6][7][8] Took office Left office Notes
    Nicolás Bravo March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
  Guadalupe Victoria March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
  Pedro Celestino Negrete March 31, 1823 October 10, 1824
  Mariano Michelena April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member
  Miguel Domínguez April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member
  Vicente Guerrero April 1, 1823 October 10, 1824 Substitute Member

First Federal Republic (1824–1835)Edit

Main article: First Mexican Republic
No.
 Portrait President Took office Left office Political Party Vice President Notes
1   Guadalupe Victoria
(1786–1843) 		October 10, 1824 March 31, 1829 Independent Nicolás Bravo First constitutionally elected President of Mexico, and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.[9]
2   Vicente Guerrero
(1782–1831) 		April 1, 1829 December 17, 1829 Liberal Party Anastasio Bustamante He was appointed by Congress after the "resignation" of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza.[10][11]
3   José María Bocanegra
(1787–1862) 		December 17, 1829 December 23, 1829 Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his Vice President.[12][13]
  Pedro Vélez
(1787–1848) 		December 23, 1829 December 31, 1829 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar.[14]
4   Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		January 1, 1830 August 13, 1832 Conservative Party As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the coup against Guerrero.[15]
5   Melchor Múzquiz
(1790–1844) 		August 14, 1832 December 24, 1832 Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.[16][17][18]
6   Manuel Gómez Pedraza
(1789–1851) 		December 24, 1832 March 31, 1833 Federalist York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party) 		He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829, had he not "resigned" prior to inauguration, as the winner of the elections of 1828.[19][20]
7   Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		April 1, 1833 May 16, 1833 Liberal Party As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
[21][22][23]
8   Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		May 16, 1833 June 3, 1833 Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gómez Farías four more times until April 24, 1834.
[22][24][25][26]
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		June 3, 1833 June 18, 1833 Liberal Party
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		June 18, 1833 July 5, 1833 Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		July 5, 1833 October 27, 1833 Liberal Party
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		October 27, 1833 December 15, 1833 Liberal Party Valentín Gómez Farías
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		December 16, 1833 April 24, 1834 Liberal Party He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. Santa Anna took office again and he went into exile.[23][27]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		April 24, 1834 January 27, 1835 Liberal Party He cancelled the liberal reforms. On January 27, the Sixth Constituent Congress dismissed Gomez Farias as Vice President.[23][27][28]
9   Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		January 28, 1835 February 27, 1836 Liberal Party He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the Rebellion of Zacatecas. On October 23, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.[29][30][31][32]

Centralist Republic (1835–1846)Edit

Main article: Centralist Republic of Mexico
No.
 Portrait President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
9   Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836) 		January 28, 1835 February 27, 1836 Liberal Party He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.[29]
10   José Justo Corro
(1794–1864) 		February 27, 1836 April 19, 1837 Conservative Party He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term.
During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and
Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico.[33][34][35]
  Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		April 19, 1837 March 18, 1839 Conservative Party He took office as constitutional elected president.
He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term.[36][37]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		March 18, 1839 July 10, 1839 He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.[24][38]
11   Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		July 11, 1839 July 19, 1839 Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.[26][39][40]
  Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853) 		July 19, 1839 September 22, 1841 Conservative Party He reassumed the presidency.[26][41]
12   Francisco Javier Echeverría
(1797–1852) 		September 22, 1841 October 10, 1841 Conservative Party He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna, and Gabriel Valencia.
He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.[42][43][44]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		October 10, 1841 October 26, 1842 He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments).[45][46][47]
  Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		October 26, 1842 March 4, 1843 Conservative Party He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.[40][47]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		March 4, 1843 October 4, 1843 He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.[48]
13   Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		October 4, 1843 June 4, 1844 Conservative Party He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.[49][50]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		June 4, 1844 September 12, 1844 He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on January 2, 1844.[51][52]
14   José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		September 12, 1844 September 21, 1844 Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.[52][53]
  Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850) 		September 21, 1844 December 6, 1844 Conservative Party He assumed the presidency as interim president.[54]
  José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		December 6, 1844 December 30, 1845 Liberal Party He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate
after Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.[53][55][56]
15   Mariano Paredes
(1797–1849) 		December 31, 1845 July 28, 1846 Conservative Party He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera.
On June 12, he was appointed interim president.[57][58]
Vice President[58]
Nicolás Bravo
  Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854) 		July 28, 1846 August 4, 1846 Conservative Party He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican–American War.
He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.[59][60][61]
16   José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		August 5, 1846 December 23, 1846 Conservative Party He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela).
He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on August 22.[62][63][64]
He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic.

Second Federal Republic (1846–1863)Edit

Main article: Second Federal Republic of Mexico
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
16   José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867) 		August 6, 1846 December 23, 1846 Conservative Party After he restored the federalism, he called elections.
Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.[62][65]
  Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858) 		December 23, 1846 March 21, 1847 Liberal Party As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the Americans in the Mexican–American War.[66]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		March 21, 1847 April 2, 1847 Liberal Party He took office as elected interim president.[67]
Vice President
Valentín Gómez Farías
17   Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		April 2, 1847 May 20, 1847 Liberal Party Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.[68][69][70]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		May 20, 1847 September 15, 1847 Liberal Party He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican–American War.[71][72]
18   Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		September 16, 1847 November 13, 1847 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.[73][74]
  Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854) 		November 13, 1847 January 8, 1848 Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Peña y Peña left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States.
  Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850) 		January 8, 1848 June 3, 1848 Liberal Party He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned
after refusing to give any land to the United States.[75] During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
  José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854) 		June 3, 1848 January 15, 1851 Liberal Party He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.[76]
19   Mariano Arista
(1802–1855) 		January 15, 1851 January 5, 1853 Liberal Party He resigned on January 5, 1853 when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, the goal of which was to bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.[77]
20   Juan Bautista Ceballos
(1811–1859) 		January 5, 1853 February 7, 1853 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.[78]
21   Manuel María Lombardini
(1802–1853) 		February 8, 1853 April 20, 1853 Conservative Party He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.[79]
  Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876) 		April 20, 1853 August 9, 1855 Liberal Party He swore as President but ruled as dictator.
He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness).[80][81]
From this period, the only lasting thing is the Mexican National Anthem.[82][83]
22   Martín Carrera
(1806–1871) 		August 9, 1855 September 12, 1855 Conservative Party He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla
but he took office until August 15.[83][84]
23   Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
(1800–1877) 		September 12, 1855 October 4, 1855 Conservative Party He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation.[85][86]
24   Juan Álvarez
(1790–1867) 		October 4, 1855 December 11, 1855 Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.[87][88]
25   Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863) 		December 11, 1855 December 17, 1857 Liberal Party He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned.
He assumed as constitutional president on December 1, 1857.[89][90]

Presidents recognized by the Liberals during the Reform WarEdit

Main article: Reform War
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
26   Benito Juárez
(1806–1872) 		December 18, 1857 July 18, 1872 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on January 18, 1858.
The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War.[91]

Presidents recognized by the Conservatives during the Reform WarEdit

Main article: Reform War
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
25   Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863) 		December 17, 1857 January 21, 1858 Liberal Party After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was no longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.[92][93]
27   Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		January 11, 1858 December 24, 1858 Conservative Party After disowning Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.[94]
28   Manuel Robles Pezuela
(1817–1862) 		December 24, 1858 January 23, 1859 Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad.[95][96]
  Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		January 24, 1859 February 1, 1859 Conservative Party He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón.[95][97]
29   Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		February 2, 1859 August 13, 1860 Conservative Party He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.[98]
30   José Ignacio Pavón
(1791–1866) 		August 13, 1860 August 15, 1860 Conservative Party As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government,
he took office for two days when Miramón left office.[99]
  Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867) 		August 15, 1860 December 24, 1860 Conservative Party He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected
by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives.
He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.[100]
  Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898) 		May 23, 1861 December 28, 1862 Conservative Party Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until December 28, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.[101]

Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)Edit

Main article: Second Mexican Empire

RegencyEdit

On June 22, 1863, a "Superior Governing Board" was established. On July 11, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.[102][103]

Regent[3] Took office Left office Political Party Notes
  Juan Nepomuceno Almonte July 11, 1863 April 10, 1864 Conservative Party
  José Mariano Salas July 11, 1863 April 10, 1864 Conservative Party
  Pelagio Antonio de Labastida October 19, 1863 April 10, 1864 Conservative Party

Maximilian IEdit

Emperor Coat of Arms Reign Start Reign Ended Royal House Consort
  Maximilian I
(1832–1867) 		  April 10, 1864 June 19, 1867 Habsburg-Lorraine   Carlota of Mexico
(1840–1927)

Restored Republic (1867–1876)Edit

No.
 President Term starts Term ends Political Party Notes
26   Benito Juárez
(1806–1872) 		December 18, 1857 June 11, 1861 Liberal Party The first term he was interim president during the Reform War.
The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress after the elections of 1861. His constitutional period began on December 1.
The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion.
The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic.
June 11, 1861 November 30, 1865
December 1, 1865 November 30, 1867
December 1, 1867 November 30, 1871
December 1, 1871 July 18, 1872
31   Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
(1823–1889) 		July 18, 1872 November 30, 1872 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was the winner or the extraordinary election of 1872 and became constitutional president. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his constitutional term.[104]
December 1, 1872 November 20, 1876
32   José María Iglesias
(1823–1891) 		October 26, 1876 November 28, 1876 Liberal Party As president of the Supreme Court, he voided, on grounds of fraud, the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid, and then declared himself interim president. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on November 20, he became constitutional interim president.[105]

Porfiriato (1876–1911)Edit

Main article: Porfiriato
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
33   Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		November 28, 1876 December 6, 1876 Liberal Party He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.[106]
34   Juan Nepomuceno Méndez
(1824–1894) 		December 6, 1876 February 17, 1877 Liberal Party He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.[107]
  Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		February 17, 1877 November 30, 1880 Liberal Party He reassumed the presidency. On May 2, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.[108]
35   Manuel González Flores
(1833–1893) 		December 1, 1880 November 30, 1884 Liberal Party He was the winner of the federal elections of 1880.[109]
  Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915) 		December 1, 1884 November 30, 1888 National Porfirist Party
National Reelectionist Party 		He was the winner of the federal elections of 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910.
He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution.[110]
December 1, 1888 November 30, 1892
December 1, 1892 November 30, 1896
December 1, 1896 November 30, 1900
December 1, 1900 November 30, 1904
December 1, 1904 November 30, 1910 Vice President
Ramón Corral
(since 1904)
December 1, 1910 May 25, 1911

Revolution (1911–1928)Edit

Main article: Mexican Revolution
Parties

  Anti-Reelectionist Party→Progressive Constitutionalist Party
  Independent

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
36   Francisco León de la Barra
(1863–1939) 		May 25, 1911 November 5, 1911 According to the "Treaties of Ciudad Juárez", he assumed office as interim president. Immediately called for elections.[111]
37 [112]   Francisco I. Madero
(1873–1913) 		November 6, 1911 February 19, 1913 He was the winner of the special election of 1911.
He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days in which Victoriano Huerta, Félix Díaz and the American ambassador Henry L. Wilson were involved. He was murdered two days later along with the vice president Pino Suárez.[113][114]
Vice President
José María Pino Suárez
38   Pedro Lascuráin
(1856–1952) 		February 19, 1913 As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of Interior and then resigned the Presidency.[115]
39   Victoriano Huerta
(1850–1916) 		February 19, 1913 July 15, 1914 He assumed office via a coup against Francisco I. Madero. He was defeated by the constitutionalist army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza.[116][117]
40   Francisco S. Carvajal
(1870–1932) 		July 15, 1914 August 13, 1914 He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta.
He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan.[118]

Presidents recognized by the Convention of AguascalientesEdit

Main article: Convention of Aguascalientes
No.
 President Took office Left office Political Party Notes
41   Eulalio Gutiérrez
(1881–1939) 		November 6, 1914 January 16, 1915 He was appointed provisional president.[119]
42   Roque González Garza
(1885–1962) 		January 16, 1915 June 10, 1915 He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City.[120]
43   Francisco Lagos Cházaro
(1878–1932) 		June 10, 1915 October 10, 1915 He assumed office as provisional president when González Garza resigned.[121]

Restoration of democracyEdit

Parties

  Liberal Constitutionalist Party
  Laborist Party

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
44   Venustiano Carranza
(1859–1920) 		Head of the Executive Power
First Chief of the Constitutional Army 		He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal.
He convoked a Constituent Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the federal elections of 1917 and took office as Constitutional President on May 1, 1917.
He was killed during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta.[122]
August 13, 1914 April 30, 1917
President of Mexico
May 1, 1916 May 21, 1920
45   Adolfo de la Huerta
(1881–1955) 		June 1, 1920 November 30, 1920 He was appointed provisional president by Congress.[123]
46   Álvaro Obregón
(1880–1928) 		December 1, 1920 November 30, 1924 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1920.[124]
47   Plutarco Elías Calles
(1877–1945) 		December 1, 1924 November 30, 1928 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1924.[125]

Maximato (1928–1934)Edit

Main article: Maximato
Party

  National Revolutionary Party

No.
 President Took office Left office Notes
48   Emilio Portes Gil
(1890–1978) 		December 1, 1928 February 4, 1930 After the assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón, he was appointed interim president by Congress.[126]
49   Pascual Ortiz Rubio
(1877–1963) 		February 5, 1930 September 4, 1932 He was the winner of the federal elections of 1929.
He resigned due to the intervention of Calles in his government.[127][128]
50   Abelardo L. Rodríguez
(1889–1967) 		September 4, 1932 November 30, 1934 He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1928–1934 term.[129]

Modern Mexico (1934–present)Edit

Main article: Sexenio (Mexico)

After the constitutional reform of 1926, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years starting in 1928; with a formal ban on reelection. After the federal election of 1934 all the presidents have completed their six-year terms.

Parties

  National Revolutionary Party→Party of the Mexican Revolution→Institutional Revolutionary Party
  National Action Party
  National Regeneration Movement

No.
 President Took office Left office Elections
51   Lázaro Cárdenas
(1895–1970) 		December 1, 1934 November 30, 1940 1934
52   Manuel Ávila Camacho
(1896–1955) 		December 1, 1940 November 30, 1946 1940
53   Miguel Alemán Valdés
(1900–1983) 		December 1, 1946 November 30, 1952 1946
54   Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
(1889–1973) 		December 1, 1952 November 30, 1958 1952
55   Adolfo López Mateos
(1910–1969) 		December 1, 1958 November 30, 1964 1958
56   Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
(1911–1979) 		December 1, 1964 November 30, 1970 1964
57   Luis Echeverría
(born 1922) 		December 1, 1970 November 30, 1976 1970
58   José López Portillo y Pacheco
(1920–2004) 		December 1, 1976 November 30, 1982 1976 (uncontested)
59   Miguel de la Madrid
(1934–2012) 		December 1, 1982 November 30, 1988 1982
60   Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(born 1948) 		December 1, 1988 November 30, 1994 1988
61   Ernesto Zedillo
(born 1951) 		December 1, 1994 November 30, 2000 1994
62   Vicente Fox
(born 1942) 		December 1, 2000 November 30, 2006 2000
63   Felipe Calderón
(born 1962) 		December 1, 2006 November 30, 2012 2006
64   Enrique Peña Nieto
(born 1966) 		December 1, 2012 November 30, 2018 2012
65   Andrés Manuel López Obrador
(born 1953) 		December 1, 2018 Incumbent 2018

RequirementsEdit

To be eligible to serve as president, Article 82 of the Constitution specifies that the following requirements must be met:

  • Be a natural-born citizen of Mexico ("mexicano por nacimiento") able to exercise full citizenship rights, with at least one parent who is a natural-born citizen of Mexico.
  • Be a resident of Mexico for at least twenty (20) years.
  • Be thirty-five years of age or older at the time of the election.
  • Be a resident of Mexico for the entire year prior to the election (although absences of 30 days or fewer are explicitly stated not to interrupt residency).
  • Not be an official or minister of any church or religious denomination.
  • Not be in active military service during the six months prior to the election.
  • Not be a secretary of state or under-secretary of state, attorney general, governor of a State, or head of the government of Mexico City, unless "separated from the post" (resigned or been granted permanent leave of absence) at least six months prior to the election.
  • Not have been president already, even in a provisional capacity (see Succession below).

PowersEdit

The 1917 Constitution was influenced from the Constitution of the United States. It made it clear separation of powers while giving the president wider powers than his American counterpart. However, this has only recently become the case in practice.

ResidenceEdit

The President's official residence and main workplace is Los Pinos, located inside the Bosque de Chapultepec (Chapultepec Park). The President has the right to use this residence for the six-year term of office.

Living former PresidentsEdit

There are six living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on 1 April 2012.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ At an exchange rate of 17.95 pesos to one dollar, approximately $11,619 per month; the salary after taxes is listed as MXN$147,651.22 (US$11,391.99)."Portal de Obligaciones de Transparencia". 2012-10-16. Retrieved 2012-12-02. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  2. ↑ Article 80, Constitution of Mexico. "Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados. p. 55. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "El viajero en México: Ó sea la capital de la República, encerrada en un libro". Open Library. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  4. ↑ INEHRM Secretaría de Gobernación Archived 2014-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ "El Viajero en México (Pág. 30)" (PDF). CDigital. Retrieved September 12, 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  6. ↑ "Decreto. Nombramiento de los individuos que han de componer el poder ejecutivo" (in Spanish). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 8, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  7. ↑ "Decreto. Nombramiento de suplentes para el supremo poder ejecutivo" (in Spanish). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 8, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  8. ↑ "Vicente Guerrero, 1782-1831" (in Spanish). Gobierno Federal. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved August 8, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  9. ↑ "How the First President of the United Mexican States came into office" (PDF). 500 años de México en documentos. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 3, 2011. Retrieved October 3, 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  10. ↑ La expulsión de los españoles de México y su destino incierto, 1821-1836 (in Spanish). 2006. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9788400084677. Retrieved October 12, 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  11. ↑ "Vicente Guerrero". Federal Government Of Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  12. ↑ "Acuerdo de la Cámara de Diputados. Elección de presidente interino de la República en el Excmo. Sr. D. José María Bocanegra" (in Spanish). Retrieved July 8, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  13. ↑ "José María Bocanegra asume interinamente la presidencia de la República, por licencia de Vicente Guerrero" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  14. ↑ "Acuerdo del consejo de gobierno. Nombramiento de asociados al Excmo. Sr. Presidente de la Suprema Corte de Justicia, para ejercer el supremo poder ejecutivo" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  15. ↑ "Anastasio Bustamante, vicepresidente con Vicente Guerrero, asume la Presidencia de la República" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  16. ↑ "Melchor Múzquiz sustituye como presidente interino a Anastasio Bustamante" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  17. ↑ "Melchor Múzquiz" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  18. ↑ "Anastasio Bustamante" (in Spanish). Secretaria de Educación Publica en el Distrito Federal. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  19. ↑ "Manuel Gómez Pedraza" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  20. ↑ "Manuel Gómez Pedraza asume la presidencia de la República mediante los convenios de Zavaleta" (in Spanish). Memoria Politica de Mexico. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  21. ↑ "El Sr. D. Valentín Gómez Farías, al jurar como Vicepresidente" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México" (in Spanish). Imagen Política de México y del Mundo. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "Valentín Gómez Farías" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Antonio López de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Federal Government of Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  25. ↑ "Antonio López de Santa Anna asume por primera vez la presidencia de México" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 "La adicción al poder. Reelección o No Reelección" (in Spanish). Internet para el profesional de la política. p. 2. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Santa Anna asume el poder; Valentín Gómez Farías va al exilio" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  28. ↑ "Relación Cronológica de las Legislaturas de la Cámara de Diputados" (PDF) (in Spanish). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved August 9, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Asume la presidencia de la República interinamente el general Miguel Barragán en sustitución de Santa Anna" (in Spanish). Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  30. ↑ Riva Palacio, Vicente (1940). México a través de los siglos (in Spanish). Editorial Cumbre. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  31. ↑ De La Fuente Guerrero, Sara C. (2003). Las Constituciones de México (in Spanish). México: Servigraf.
  32. ↑ "Bases constitucionales expedidas por el Congreso Constituyente" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  33. ↑ "José Justo Corro asume el cargo de presidente interino por la enfermedad del general Miguel Barragán" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  34. ↑ "Decreto que expide las Leyes Constitucionales de la República Mexicana". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  35. ↑ "Tratado definitivo de paz y amistad entre México y España" (PDF). 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  36. ↑ "La primera República Federal 1824–1835" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 8. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  37. ↑ "Anastasio Bustamante". Federal Government of Mexico. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  38. ↑ "López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón, Antonio" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  39. ↑ "Nicolás Bravo 1786–1854" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 "Nicolás Bravo" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  41. ↑ "Anastasio Bustamante". Government of the State of Aguascalientes. Retrieved August 10, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)[permanent dead link]
  42. ↑ "Anastasio Bustamante". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  43. ↑ "Francisco Javier Echeverría asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  44. ↑ "Francisco Javier Echeverría". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  45. ↑ "Decreto de la Junta de Representantes. Se declara Presidente de la República, a D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  46. ↑ "Junta de Representantes o Consejo de los Departamentos". Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas (UNAM). Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Efemérides / Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  48. ↑ "Decreto del gobierno. Sobre que volverá a ejercer el poder ejecutivo, luego que llegue a la capital, el general Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  49. ↑ "Decreto del gobierno. Se deposita el gobierno provisional de la República en el general D. Valentín Canalizo". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  50. ↑ "Valentín Canalizo asume la presidencia de la República como sustituto de Santa Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  51. ↑ "Ley. Se declara presidente constitucional de la República, á D. Antonio López de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "Efemérides / Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educación Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "Valentín Canalizo es nombrado presidente interino de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  54. ↑ "Canalizo, Valentín". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  55. ↑ "Herrera asume la Presidencia tras un levantamiento popular". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  56. ↑ "Decreto del senado. Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. José Joaquín de Herrera". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  57. ↑ "Mariano Paredes". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 "Decreto del congreso extraordinario. Se declarará presidente interino á D. Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  59. ↑ "Nicolás Bravo asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  60. ↑ "Se concede permiso al presidente de la República, para mandar en persona las fuerzas de tierra". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  61. ↑ "Manifiesto de Mariano Salas y Valentín Gómez Farías". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "El General Mariano Salas toma posesión de la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  63. ↑ "Republica Federal" (PDF). El Viajero en México. p. 5. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  64. ↑ "Se declara vigente la Constitución de 1824". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  65. ↑ "Se declara presidente interino de la República, á D. Antonio Lopez de Santa-Anna". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  66. ↑ "Se declara que D. Valentín Gómez Farías queda en posesion de su encargo de vicepresidente de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  67. ↑ "21 DE MARZO DE 1847". Biblioteca Digital. Retrieved August 30, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  68. ↑ "Efemerides/Pedro María Anaya". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved September 3, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  69. ↑ "Desemejanzas entre el lider politico y el jefe militar" (PDF). Senate of Mexico. p. 2. Retrieved September 3, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)[permanent dead link]
  70. ↑ "Se concede licencia al actual presidente para mandar el ejército, y se suprime la vicepresidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  71. ↑ "Pedro María de Anaya". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  72. ↑ "Tropas mexicanas al mando de Pedro María Anaya y Manuel Rincón luchan contra las fuerzas al mando de Scott en Churubusco". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 14, 2011. Retrieved September 3, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  73. ↑ "El Presidente de la República, a sus compatriotas". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved September 3, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  74. ↑ "Manuel de la Peña y Peña". Presidencia de la Republica. Retrieved September 3, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  75. ↑ "El general Pedro María Anaya asume la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2011. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  76. ↑ "Herrera, José Joaquín de". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  77. ↑ "Tras reñidas elecciones, el general Mariano Arista asume pacíficamente la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  78. ↑ "Juan Bautista Ceballos asume el poder ejecutivo tras la renuncia del presidente Mariano Arista". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  79. ↑ "Lombardini asume la Presidencia". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  80. ↑ "Santa Anna". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del D.F. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  81. ↑ "López de Santa Anna y Pérez Lebrón Antonio". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  82. ↑ "Símbolos patrios de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original on October 20, 2007. Retrieved July 26, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 "Al triunfo del Plan de Ayutla, Santa Anna sale de México". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 26, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  84. ↑ "Martín Carrera". Secretaria de Educacion Publica del Distrito Federal. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  85. ↑ "Martín Carrera". Gobierno Federal de Mexico. Retrieved August 9, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  86. ↑ "El general Rómulo Díaz de la Vega asume de facto la presidencia de la República". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  87. ↑ "Juan Álvarez". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  88. ↑ "1855 Decreto del gobierno. Se nombra presidente de la República al general D. Juan Alvarez". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  89. ↑ "Ignacio Comonfort". Gobierno Federal de México. Retrieved August 9, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  90. ↑ "Ignacio Comonfort asume la Presidencia". Memoria Política de México. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2012. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  91. ↑ "Juárez García Benito Pablo". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  92. ↑ "Es proclamado el Plan de Tacubaya, con el que los conservadores pretenden derogar la Constitución de 1857". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  93. ↑ "El Congreso declara que dejó de ser Presidente de la República don Ignacio Comonfort desde el 17 de diciembre de 1857". 500 años de México en documentos. Retrieved April 29, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  94. ↑ "Tras desconocer a Comonfort, Félix María Zuloaga es nombrado presidente por el partido conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 "Asume la presidencia del gobierno conservador el general Manuel Robles Pezuela". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  96. ↑ "Plan de Navidad". Memoria Politica de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  97. ↑ "FÉLIX MARÍA ZULOAGA (1813–1898)". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  98. ↑ "Zuloaga nombra presidente sustituto de la República a Miguel Miramón". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  99. ↑ "José Ignacio Pavón, presidente de la Suprema Corte, se encarga durante dos días del poder ejecutivo del gobierno conservador". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  100. ↑ "Toma posesión como presidente interino de la República, Miguel Miramón. Juárez sigue siendo el presidente legal". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  101. ↑ "Felix Maria Zuloaga". Chihuahua, México. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  102. ↑ "Se establece la regencia del Imperio mexicano". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  103. ↑ "Acta de la primera reunión de la Junta Superior de Gobierno". 500 años de México. Retrieved April 30, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  104. ↑ "Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  105. ↑ "El Congreso declara la reelección de Lerdo de Tejada y José Ma. Iglesias se da a la rebeldía". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  106. ↑ "Porfirio Díaz asume el poder por primera vez". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  107. ↑ "El general Juan N. Méndez ocupa la presidencia en tanto Porfirio Díaz termina con los últimos reductos de las fuerzas de Iglesias y de Lerdo de Tejada". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  108. ↑ "Porfirio Díaz es nombrado presidente constitucional de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  109. ↑ "El general Manuel González toma posesión como presidente constitucional". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  110. ↑ "Díaz Mori Porfirio". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  111. ↑ "León de la Barra Francisco". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on July 8, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  112. ↑ "Anti-Reelectionist-Progressive Constitutional" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
  113. ↑ "Francisco I. Madero asume el cargo de la Presidente de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on January 13, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  114. ↑ "Se consuma la traición: Huerta y Wilson firman el Pacto de la Embajada". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  115. ↑ "Por sólo cuarenta y cinco minutos, Pedro Lascuráin Paredes asume el cargo de presidente interino". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  116. ↑ "Victoriano Huerta asume la presidencia y rinde la protesta de ley ante los diputados". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  117. ↑ "Victoriano Huerta, vencido por las fuerzas constitucionalistas, renuncia a la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  118. ↑ "FRANCISCO S. CARVAJAL". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on November 26, 2011. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  119. ↑ "Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz asume la presidencia del gobierno convencionista". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  120. ↑ "El presidente provisional, nombrado por la Convención, Eulalio Gutiérrez, huye de México con los fondos de la Tesorería. Lo sucede Roque González Garza". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  121. ↑ "Francisco Lagos Cházaro se convierte en el último presidente del gobierno de la Convención". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  122. ↑ "Carranza Garza Venustiano". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  123. ↑ "Adolfo de la Huerta asume presidencia provisional de la República". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on November 21, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  124. ↑ "Obregón Salido Álvaro". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  125. ↑ "Elías Calles Campuzano Plutarco". Bicentenario de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 2, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  126. ↑ "Portes Gil Emilio". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on May 16, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  127. ↑ "Pascual Ortiz Rubio sufre un atentado y resulta herido durante su toma posesión de la Presidencia de la República". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  128. ↑ "Ortíz Rubio renuncia a la Presidencia. Ejerció su mandato en el periodo del "Maximato" llamado así por el poder real ejercido por Calles". Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  129. ↑ "Rodríguez Abelardo L." Memoria Politica de México. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)

Other websitesEdit

Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Mexico&oldid=7234837"