Sogdiana
ancient civilization of an Iranian people and a province of the Achaemenid Empire
Sogdia (/ˈsɒɡdiə/) or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization in present-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
Sogdia Sogdian: soɣd | |
---|---|
6th century BC to 11th century AD | |
Capital | Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, Kesh |
Languages | Sogdian language |
Religion | Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Buddhism, Islam, Nestorian Christianity[1] |
Currency | Imitations of Sassanian coins and Chinese cash coins as well as "hybrids" of both.[2][3] |
Related pages
changeReferences
change- ↑ Jacques Gernet (31 May 1996). A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge University Press. pp. 286–. ISBN 978-0-521-49781-7.
- ↑ "Soghdian Kai Yuans (lectured at the Dutch 1994-ONS meeting)". T.D. Yih and J. de Kreek (hosted on the Chinese Coinage Website). 1994. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ↑ "Samarqand's Cast Coinage of the Early 7th–Mid-8th Centuries AD: Assessment based on Chinese sources and numismatic evidence". Andrew Reinhard (Pocket Change – The blog of the American Numismatic Society). 12 August 2016. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
Sources
change- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sogdiana". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Ahmed, S. Z. (2004), Chaghatai: the Fabulous Cities and People of the Silk Road, West Conshohocken: Infinity Publishing.
- Baumer, Christoph (2012), The History of Central Asia: the Age of the Steppe Warriors, London, New York: I.B. Tauris, ISBN 978-1-78076-060-5.
- Belenitskii, A. M. and B. I. Marshak (1981), "Part One: the Paintings of Sogdiana" in Guitty Azarpay, Sogdian Painting: the Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, pp 11–78, ISBN 0-520-03765-0.
- Boulnois, Luce (2005), Silk Road: Monks, Warriors & Merchants, Odyssey Books, ISBN 962-217-721-2.
- Briant, Pierre (2002), From Cyrus to Alexander: a History of the Persian Empire, trans. Peter T. Daniels, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, ISBN 1-57506-120-1.
- Christopoulos, Lucas (August 2012), "Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC – 1398 AD)," in Victor H. Mair (ed), Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 230, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, ISSN 2157-9687.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD), Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0.
- de la Vaissière, Étienne (2005). Sogdian Traders: A History. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 90-04-14252-5
- Dresden, Mark J. (1981), "Introductory Note," in Guitty Azarpay, Sogdian Painting: the Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, pp. 1–10, ISBN 0-520-03765-0.
- Enoki, Kazuo, (1998), "Yü-ni-ch'êng and the Site of Lou-Lan," and "The Location of the Capital of Lou-Lan and the Date of the Kharoshthi Inscriptions," in Rokuro Kono (ed.), Studia Asiatica: The Collected Papers in Western Languages of the Late Dr. Kazuo Enoki, Tokyo: Kyu-Shoin.
- Frumkin, Grégoire (1970), Archaeology in Soviet Central Asia, Leiden, Koln: E. J. Brill.
- Galambos, Imre (2015), "She Association Circulars from Dunhuang", in ed. Antje Richter A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture, Brill: Leiden, Boston, pp 853–77.
- Gasparini, Mariachiara. "A Mathematic Expression of Art: Sino-Iranian and Uighur Textile Interactions and the Turfan Textile Collection in Berlin," in Rudolf G. Wagner and Monica Juneja (eds.), Transcultural Studies, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, No 1 (2014), pp. 134–163. ISSN 2191-6411.
- Gasparini, Mariachiara (3 January 2014). "A Mathematic Expression of Art: Sino-Iranian and Uighur Textile Interaction and the Turfan Textile Collection in Berlin | Transcultural Studies". . Transcultural Studies. No 1 (2014). doi:10.11588/ts.2014.1.12313. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
{{cite journal}}
:|volume=
has extra text (help)
- Gasparini, Mariachiara (3 January 2014). "A Mathematic Expression of Art: Sino-Iranian and Uighur Textile Interaction and the Turfan Textile Collection in Berlin | Transcultural Studies". . Transcultural Studies. No 1 (2014). doi:10.11588/ts.2014.1.12313. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- Ghafurov, Babadjan, "Tajiks", published in USSR, Russia, Tajikistan
- Peter B. Golden (2011), Central Asia in World History, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 47, ISBN 978-0-19-515947-9.
- Hanks, Reuel R. (2010), Global Security Watch: Central Asia, Santa Barbara, Denver, Oxford: Praeger.
- Hansen, Valerie (2012), The Silk Road: A New History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-993921-3.
- Hansson, Anders, (1996), Chinese Outcasts: Discrimination and Emancipation in Late Imperial China, Leiden, New York, Koln: E.J. Brill, ISBN 90-04-10596-4.
- Holt, Frank L. (1989), Alexander the Great and Bactria: the Formation of a Greek Frontier in Central Asia, Leiden, New York, Copenhagen, Cologne: E. J. Brill, ISBN 90-04-08612-9.
- Howard, Michael C. (2012), Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: the Role of Cross Border Trade and Travel, Jefferson: McFarland & Company.
- Hucker, Charles O. (1975). China's Imperial Past: An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0887-8.
- Hulsewé, A.F.P. (1986). "Ch'in and Han law," in Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe (eds.), The Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220, pp 520–544 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24327-0.
- Ibbotson, Sophie and Max Lovell-Hoare (2016), Uzbekistan, 2nd edition, Bradt Travel Guides Ltd, ISBN 978-1-78477-017-4.
- Braja Bihārī Kumar (2007). "India and Central Asia: Links and Interactions," in J.N. Roy and B.B. Kumar (eds.), India and Central Asia: Classical to Contemporary Periods, 3–33. New Delhi: Published for Astha Bharati Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 81-8069-457-7.
- Litvinski, B. A., A. H. Jalilov, A. I. Kolesnikov (1999), "The Arab Conquest", in History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Volume III, the Crossroads of Civilizations: A.D. 250–750, B. A. Litvinski, Zhang Guangda, and R. Shabani Samghabadi (eds.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, pp. 449–472.
- Liu, Xinru, "The Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Interactions in Eurasia", in Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History, ed. Michael Adas, American Historical Association, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001.
- Magill, Frank N. et al. (eds.) (1998). The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 1. Pasadena; Chicago; London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Salem Press, ISBN 0-89356-313-7.
- Michon, Daniel (2015). Archaeology and Religion in Early Northwest India: History, Theory, Practice, London, New York, New Delhi: Routledge, ISBN 978-1-138-82249-8.
- Nguyen, Tai Thu (2008). The History of Buddhism in Vietnam. CRVP. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-1-56518-098-7. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015.
- Nourzhanov, Kirill, Christian Bleuer (2013), Tajikistan: a Political and Social History, Canberra: Australian National University Press, ISBN 978-1-925021-15-8.
- Prevas, John (2004), Envy of the Gods: Alexander the Great's Ill-Fated Journey across Asia, Da Capo Press.
- Ramirez-Faria, Carlos, (2007), Concise Encyclopedia of World History, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, ISBN 81-269-0775-4.
- Rong, Xinjiang, "The Sogdian Caravan as Depicted in the Relieves of the Stone Sarcophagus from Shi's Tomb of the Northern Zhou" in Chinese Archaeology. Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 181–185, ISSN (Online) 2160–5068, ISSN (Print) 5004–4295, DOI: 10.1515/CHAR.2006.6.1.181, January 2006.
- Rong, Xinjiang, "New light on Sogdian Colonies along the Silk Road : Recent Archaeological Finds in Northern China (Lecture at the BBAW on 20 September 2001)", in Berichte und Abhandlungen (17 December 2009); 10, S. 147–160, urn:nbn:de:kobv:b4-opus-11068.
- Rose, J., "The Sogdians: Prime Movers between Boundaries", Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, vol. 30, no. 3, (2010), p. 412.
- Smith, William eds et al. (1873), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, Volume 1, London: John Murray.
- Strachan, Edward and Roy Bolton (2008), Russia and Europe in the Nineteenth Century, London: Sphinx Fine Art, ISBN 978-1-907200-02-1.
- Szemerényi, Oswald (1980). Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka (PDF). Veröffentlichungen der iranischen Kommission Band 9. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften; azargoshnap.net.
- Taenzer, Gertraud (2016), "Changing Relations between Administration, Clergy and Lay People in Eastern Central Asia: a Case Study According to the Dunhuang Manuscripts Referring to the Transition from Tibetan to Local Rule in Dunhuang, 8th–11th Centuries", in Carmen Meinert, Transfer of Buddhism Across Central Asian Networks (7th to 13th Centuries), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pp. 106–179, ISBN 978-90-04-30741-4.
- Tafazzoli, A. (2003), "Iranian Languages," in C. E. Bosworth and M. S. Asimov, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV: The Age of Achievement, A.D. 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, pp. 323–30.
- Watson, Burton (1993), Records of the Great Historian, Han Dynasty II, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08167-7.
- Wood, Francis (2002). The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24340-8.
Further reading
change- "The Sogdian Descendants in Mongol and post-Mongol Central Asia: The Tajiks and Sarts" (PDF). Joo Yup Lee. ACTA VIA SERICA Vol. 5, No. 1, June 2020: 187–198doi: 10.22679/avs.2020.5.1.007.
Other websites
changeWikimedia Commons has media related to Sogdia.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide about: Sogdiana