Uzbekistan
sovereign state in Central Asia
Uzbekistan,[a] officially the Republic of Uzbekistan,[b] is a country in Central Asia. Its capital and largest city is Tashkent. There are about 34,8[15] million people living in Uzbekistan, in 2023. The neighbouring countries are Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. It is a doubly landlocked country, of which there are only two in the world. Most people in Uzbekistan speak a language called Uzbek, a Turkic language similar to Uyghur and Turkish. In the Uzbek language, Uzbekistan is called "O‘zbekiston" and it means "the land of the true nobles". Uzbekistan has a long history. Humans first lived in Uzbekistan from before the 2nd millennium BC.[16] The current president today is Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The situation with the human rights in Uzbekistan is very bad, according to Human Rights Watch.[17]
Republic of Uzbekistan O‘zbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси (Uzbek) | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг Давлат Мадҳияси "State Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan" | |
.svg) Location of Uzbekistan (green) | |
| Capital and largest city | Tashkent 41°19′N 69°16′E / 41.317°N 69.267°E |
| Official languages | Uzbek[1][2] |
| Recognized national languages | Russian[3] |
| Recognised regional languages | Karakalpak |
| Ethnic groups (2021)[4] | |
| Demonym(s) | Uzbekistani • Uzbek |
| Government | Unitary presidential republic under an authoritarian dictatorship |
| Shavkat Mirziyoyev | |
| Abdulla Aripov | |
| Legislature | Oliy Majlis |
| Senate | |
| Legislative Chamber | |
| Formation | |
• Uzbek SSR established after national delimitation | 27 October 1924 |
• Declared independence from the Soviet Union | 1 September 1991 |
• Formally recognised | 26 December 1991 |
| 1 May 2023 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 447,400[5] km2 (172,700 sq mi) (55th) |
• Water (%) | 4.9 |
| Population | |
• 2024 estimate | 37,030,884[6] (40th) |
• Density | 80.2/km2 (207.7/sq mi) (138th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $401.838 billion[7] (57th) |
• Per capita | $10,936[7] (122th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $104.41 billion[8] (70th) |
• Per capita | $2,667[7] (138th) |
| Gini (2013) |  36.7[9][10]medium |
| HDI (2022) |  0.727[11]high · 106th |
| Currency | Uzbek sum (UZS) |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (UZT) |
| Date format | dd/mm yyyyc |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +998 |
| ISO 3166 code | UZ |
| Internet TLD | .uz |
Website gov.uz | |
| |
Islam is its largest religion.
Provinces
changeUzbekistan is divided into twelve provinces, one autonomous republic, and one independent city. The provinces are divided into districts.
| Division | Capital City | Area (km²) |
Population (2008)[18] | Key |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buxoro Region | Buxoro (Bukhara) | 39,400 | 1,576,800 | 3 |
| Jizzax Region | Jizzax | 20,500 | 1,090,900 | 5 |
| Navoiy Region | Navoiy | 110,800 | 834,100 | 7 |
| Qashqadaryo Region | Qarshi | 28,400 | 2,537,600 | 8 |
| Samarqand Region | Samarkand | 16,400 | 3,032,000 | 9 |
| Sirdaryo Region | Guliston | 5,100 | 698,100 | 10 |
| Surxondaryo Region | Termiz | 20,800 | 2,012,600 | 11 |
| Tashkent Region | Toshkent (Tashkent) | 15,300 | 2,537,500 | 12 |
| Tashkent City | Toshkent (Tashkent) | ??? | 2,192,700 | 1 |
| Fergana Valley Region | ||||
| Fergana Region | Fergana | 6,800 | 2,997,400 | 4 |
| Andijan Region | Andijan | 4,200 | 2,477,900 | 2 |
| Namangan Region | Namangan | 7,900 | 2,196,200 | 6 |
| Karakalpakstan Region | ||||
| Xorazm Region | Urganch | 6,300 | 1,517,600 | 13 |
| Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikasi | Nukus | 160,000 | 1,612,300 | 14 |
Notes
change- ↑ Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston, Ўзбекистон, pronounced [ozbekiˈstɒn]; UK: /ʊzˌbɛkɪˈstɑːn, ʌz-, -ˈstæn/, US: /ʊzˈbɛkɪstæn, -stɑːn/ (
listen) [13][14]
- ↑ Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси
References
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Uzbekistan: Law "On Official Language"". Refworld. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
- ↑ "Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan". constitution.uz. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
- ↑ Russian is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, having the status of interethnic. Russian is also the second official de facto language in the country, mainly used in businesses and politics.
- ↑ "Permanent population by national and / or ethnic group, urban / rural place of residence". Data.egov.uz. 2-001-1779. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
- ↑ "Uzbekistan". Central Intelligence Agency. 27 February 2023. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2023 – via CIA.gov.
- ↑ "Demographic situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan - 9/5/2024". Statistics Agency of Uzbekistan. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "World Economic Outlook Database, November 2023 Edition. (Uzbekistan)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ↑ "Income Gini coefficient". Human Development Reports. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ↑ "GINI index – Uzbekistan". MECOMeter – Macro Economy Meter. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. p. 275. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ↑ "2021 Report on International Religious Freedom: Uzbekistan". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
- ↑ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ↑ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2. This source does not list the /-ˈstæn/ pronunciation in British English.
- ↑ "Uzbekistan Population (2023) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
- ↑ Embassy of Uzbekistan Archived 2008-07-04 at the Wayback Machine - UZBEKISTAN: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
- ↑ Uzbekistan: Human Rights Watch
- ↑ "Statistical Review of Uzbekistan 2008, p.176" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-13. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
Further reading
change- Poopak NikTalab. Sarve Samarghand (Cedar of Samarkand), continuous interpretation of Rudaki's poems, Tehran 2020, Faradid Publications {Introduction}
